Rangeland Ecology & Management
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- Library Collection RecordJapanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.), an alien annual grass, is an important component of some northern mixed-prairie communities. Understanding the relationship between environment and…Publication Date 1994-03-01
- storage
- Bromus japonicus
- photoperiod
- environmental factors
- Oklahoma
- seed germination
- seed dormancy
- temperature
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordJapanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.), an introduced annual grass, is now common in some northern mixed-prairie communities. This species has the potential to alter both the seasonality of…Publication Date 1995-05-01
- night temperature
- Bromus japonicus
- ambient temperature
- seed germination
- introduced species
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordA comparison of the response of varying classes of growing beef cattle to protein supplementation was conducted on Northern Great Plains rangeland during the summer and early fall. Response was…Publication Date 1994-07-01
- protein concentrates
- dietary protein
- body weight
- steers
- digestibility
- feed supplements
- Montana
- rangelands
- beef cattle
- feed intake
- Library Collection RecordWe studied the effect of cattle grazing on shoot density and flux in 4 southwest Montana beaked sedge (Carex rostrata ex With.) stands for 2 years. Forty plots were protected and 40 plots were grazed…Publication Date 1994-01-01
- shoots
- Carex rostrata
- population dynamics
- cattle feeding
- Montana
- defoliation
- grazing
- Library Collection RecordSpotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.), an introduced perennial plant, has invaded large areas of rangeland in the northwestern United States. Grazing animals may disseminate the weed by…Publication Date 1995-03-01
- seed dispersal
- viability
- seedling emergence
- seeds
- transit time
- Odocoileus hemionus
- sheep
- Centaurea maculosa
- seed germination
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordUnderstanding the effect of defoliation frequency and N fertilization on plant growth, forage yield, and quality of RS-2, a quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski.] x bluebunch wheat grass […Publication Date 1995-07-01
- ammonium nitrate
- Elytrigia repens
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- hybrids
- irrigation
- cutting frequency
- digestibility
- crude protein
- growth rate
- Montana
- grasses
- Library Collection RecordThirteen grazing studies have recently documented diet botanical composition of cattle in tall forb plant communities on mountain rangelands. In forb-dominated plant communities, cattle selected…Publication Date 1992-11-01
- grazing trials
- mountain grasslands
- cattle feeding
- plant communities
- diets
- botanical composition
- Montana
- rangelands
- grazing
- forage
- feeding preferences
- Library Collection RecordSpotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) is a noxious plant that has invaded many native ranges in the Northern Intermountain Region. Although the use of livestock to control knapweed is…Publication Date 1992-07-01
- shade
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- cultural control
- light relations
- competitive ability
- light
- weed control
- regrowth
- Poaceae
- Centaurea maculosa
- Montana
- plant competition
- defoliation
- grazing
- Library Collection RecordImpacts of 7 range treatments and climate on late spring herbage standing crops (SC) were measured in rangelands near Miles City, Mont., from 1983 to 1990. Treatments, established in 8 pastures at 2…Publication Date 1993-07-01
- ambient temperature
- rain
- pastures
- biomass production
- range management
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordPonderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson) needles cause abortions in pregnant cows. We examined pine needle consumption by cattle in 2 trials in eastern Montana. Trial 1 compared pregnant and open cows…Publication Date 1993-09-01
- pregnancy
- abortion
- cows
- Pinus ponderosa
- grazing behavior
- Montana
- browsing
- feeding preferences
- poisonous plants
- Library Collection RecordIncreasing populations of big game animals are a problem for private landowners in some parts of western North America. Influence of bit game costs, hunting-related income, noneconomic benefits, size…Publication Date 1993-01-01
- crop damage
- game animals
- private ownership
- yield losses
- costs and returns
- surveys
- population density
- hunting
- Odocoileus virginianus
- Antilocapra americana
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Cervus elaphus canadensis
- wildlife management
- crop yield
- Montana
- rangelands
- forage
- Library Collection RecordA 3-year field study was conducted near Grassrange, Montana. (Latitude 46 degrees 50'N and Longitude 108 degrees 50'W) to determine the effect of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) shoot…Publication Date 1992-07-01
- Euphorbia esula
- weed control
- chemical control
- pastures
- grazing behavior
- cattle
- plant density
- picloram
- Montana
- forage
- Library Collection RecordFrom September 1987 through September 1988, the Northern Great Plains near Miles City, Mont., received 31% of the long-term average precipitation. We monitored the impact of the hot, dry conditions…Publication Date 1992-07-01
- heat tolerance
- stress response
- crop losses
- Psathyrostachys juncea
- Agropyron desertorum
- drought tolerance
- mortality
- regrowth
- drought
- Montana
- pasture plants
- water stress
- Library Collection RecordMultiparous cows (n = 91, 1986; n = 92, 1987) were selected from 2 populations to obtain cattle with high and low milk production. After March-April calving, high and low producing cows grazed either…Publication Date 1993-11-01
- sown grasslands
- body condition
- milk yield
- pastures
- beef cows
- Montana
- grazing
- Library Collection RecordResearch was conducted to quantify the effects of various range improvement treatments on diet quality and summer weight gain of steers grazing semiarid rangeland from 1983 through 1988. Treatments…Publication Date 1993-11-01
- grassland improvement
- semiarid grasslands
- Montana
- beef cattle
- Library Collection RecordThe value of mountain rye (Secale montanum Guss.) for competitive suppression of 2 annual bromegrasses (downy brome, Bromus tectorum L. and Japanese brome, B. japonicus Thunb) was investigated in a 3…Publication Date 1992-07-01
- Secale strictum subsp. strictum
- Bromus japonicus
- seed banks
- competitive ability
- persistence
- stand establishment
- coal mined land
- mortality
- Bromus tectorum
- growth rate
- land restoration
- range management
- Montana
- plant competition
- Library Collection RecordSheep are more resistent to larkspur poisoning than cattle. Grazing larkspur with sheep before cattle turn-in may reduce the threat of cattle poisoning. Two 2.1-ha pastures were established in Upper…Publication Date 1992-03-01
- loss prevention
- Delphinium glaucescens
- biological control
- poisonous weeds
- weed control
- pastures
- sheep
- cattle
- Montana
- grazing
- Library Collection RecordTall-forb communities occur an deep soils of the upper montane and subalpine zones of the Rocky Mountains and extend from southwestern Montana to southern Utah. In the Centennial Mountains of Montana…Publication Date 1991-07-01
- geranium viscosissimum
- 2,4-D
- grassland improvement
- Geranium
- vegetation management
- species diversity
- weed control
- yields
- mountain grasslands
- biomass production
- plant communities
- picloram
- application rates
- Montana
- forage
- Library Collection RecordComparisons were made between phenological phase dates of 2 common ornamental shrubs, purple common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) and Zabeli honeysuckle (Lonicera krolkowii Stapf, var. Zabelii (Rehd.…Publication Date 1991-11-01
- Acrididae
- heat sums
- developmental stages
- indicator species
- phenology
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordSheep are more resistent to larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning than are cattle, and may be used as a biological tool to graze larkspur prior to cattle turn-in to reduce the risk of cattle poisoning…Publication Date 1991-11-01
- Delphinium glaucescens
- Delphinium occidentale
- alkaloids
- Delphinium barbeyi
- sheep
- Montana
- grazing
- Library Collection RecordSpotted knapweed is the most serious range weed problem in western Montana. Although picloram is often used to control knapweed, the economic feasibility of the practice has not been evaluated. We…Publication Date 1991-01-01
- feasibility studies
- mathematical models
- cost-benefit analysis
- weed control
- chemical control
- pastures
- picloram
- Centaurea maculosa
- range management
- Montana
- forage
- Library Collection RecordSixteen ruminally cannulated beef steers grazing native summer range in the Northern Great PIains were assigned to 4 treatments in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. Main effects were barley grain and…Publication Date 1990-09-01
- steers
- digestibility
- crude protein
- digesta
- kinetics
- dietary supplements
- pH
- transit time
- barley
- feed supplements
- natural grasslands
- summer
- cattle feeding
- monensin
- feed grains
- diets
- cattle
- rumen fermentation
- Montana
- grazing
- feed intake
- Library Collection RecordSixteen ruminally cannulated steers grazing Northern Great Plains native winter range were assigned to 4 treatments in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. Main effects were protein and monensin. A soybean…Publication Date 1990-09-01
- pelleted feeds
- winter
- soybean meal
- steers
- digestibility
- crude protein
- digesta
- kinetics
- dietary supplements
- pH
- transit time
- barley
- natural grasslands
- cattle feeding
- monensin
- diets
- cattle
- protein supplements
- rumen fermentation
- Montana
- grazing
- feed intake
- Library Collection RecordForty-six clonal lines of a hybrid cross between Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh.] Scribn. and Smith × Elytrigia repens [L.] Beauv. were used to evaluate the influence of various chemical and…Publication Date 1989-01-01
- trials
- forage crops
- hybrids
- plant morphology
- pastures
- cattle
- in vitro digestibility
- phenology
- Montana
- grazing
- grasses
- feeding preferences
- chemical constituents of plants
- Library Collection RecordThe objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the effects of temperature and water stress on germination, and; (2) evaluate effects of seeding date on emergence and survival of green and gray…Publication Date 1988-11-01
- coal
- soil stabilization
- mined soils
- soil temperature
- seedling emergence
- Chrysothamnus nauseosus
- reclamation
- mortality
- species
- soil water content
- seed germination
- establishment
- Montana
- water stress
- Library Collection RecordPercent of seeds filled for alpine grasses and seed viability and longevity for alpine grasses and forbs with different life history and physiological traits were evaluated for seeds collected in…Publication Date 1989-07-01
- Polemonium
- Potentilla
- Rosaceae
- calamagrostis purpurascens
- artemisia scopulorum
- geum rosii
- polemonium viscosum
- sibbaldia procumbens
- potentilla diversifolia
- alpine grasslands
- Festuca idahoensis
- Deschampsia cespitosa
- seed set
- seed longevity
- viability
- temporal variation
- plant communities
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordA single probe electronic capacitance meter for estimating herbage yields was field tested on 2 western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Löve), a blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex…Publication Date 1987-11-01
- Psathyrostachys juncea
- regression analysis
- Agropyron cristatum
- estimation
- sampling
- Poaceae
- Bouteloua gracilis
- crop yield
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordInterspecific hybridization of grasses represents a valuable plant breeding procedure for developing new species with superior grazing value for livestock. Evaluations were made of the hybrid cross…Publication Date 1987-11-01
- Elytrigia repens
- interspecific hybridization
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- hybrids
- lines
- genotype
- grazing trials
- Montana
- beef cattle
- forage
- feeding preferences
- Library Collection RecordEight ruminally fistulated steers were observed on native range from 4 May 1981 to 5 Nov. 1981 to determine effects of advancing forage maturity on rumen fermentation, fluid passage, fluid volume,…Publication Date 1987-09-01
- volatile fatty acids
- maturity
- rumen fluids
- steers
- rumen fermentation
- seasonal variation
- Montana
- forage
- feed intake
- Library Collection RecordSeasonal trends in total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) were studied in pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl.), elk sedge (Carex geyeri Boott), and snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake)…Publication Date 1988-03-01
- clearcutting
- forest ecology
- Symphoricarpos albus
- Carex geyeri
- transitory range
- carbohydrates
- Calamagrostis rubescens
- phenology
- Montana
- rangelands
- grazing
- forage
- Library Collection RecordThree soil-active herbicides: atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl]-N1-(1-methyethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine]; propham (1-methylethyl phenyl carbamate); and pronamide [3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-…Publication Date 1987-11-01
- propham
- propyzamide
- Bromus japonicus
- atrazine
- carbohydrates
- perennials
- weed control
- yields
- Bromus tectorum
- phosphorus
- Poaceae
- crude protein
- Montana
- nutritive value
- forage
- Library Collection RecordTrends in canopy-coverage of vegetation and bare ground were measured inside and outside exclosures on recent burns within three-pasture rest-rotation and season-long grazing systems over a 10-year…Publication Date 1987-09-01
- ground cover
- ecological succession
- vegetation
- cattle
- Montana
- grazing
- Library Collection RecordA study was conducted in southeastern Montana to determine the effects of federal range grazing on cattle ranch average variable operating costs per animal unit. Data were obtained through personal…Publication Date 1986-07-01
- variable costs
- grazing on public land
- surveys
- ranching
- economic analysis
- production costs
- cattle
- Montana
- rangelands
- Library Collection RecordFour Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Beetle and Young) control treatments: burning, spraying with 2,4-D, rotocutting, and plowing, along with no control (rest) were…Publication Date 1986-07-01
- rotary cutting
- control methods
- spraying
- plowing
- 2,4-D
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- brush control
- prescribed burning
- Artemisia tridentata
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordAn automated range-animal data acquisition system (ARADS) has been developed to collect individual animal data without human intervention. Records include date, time, identification, live-weight,…Publication Date 1987-05-01
- data collection
- automation
- computer techniques
- water use
- identification
- body weight
- sampling
- cattle
- range management
- Montana
- rangelands
- Library Collection RecordCattle impact on riparian areas is dependent upon both their behavior and utilization of streamside vegetation. Development of grazing strategies for riparian environments would be enhanced by an…Publication Date 1986-05-01
- rest
- seasonal behavior
- streams
- highlands
- riparian buffers
- stocking rate
- animal behavior
- feeding behavior
- cattle
- Montana
- grazing
- Library Collection RecordThe influence of crude terpenoid content on in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was determined for basin big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. tridentata), Wyoming big sagebrush (A…Publication Date 1987-05-01
- terpenoids
- Artemisia tridentata
- Odocoileus hemionus
- sheep
- cattle
- in vitro digestibility
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordSamples of current year's growth of leaves and stems were collected in February 1983 from basin big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. tridentata), Wyoming big sagebrush (A.t. wyomingensis…Publication Date 1987-01-01
- artemisia wyomingensis
- artemisia vaseyana
- forage selection
- habitat selection
- terpenoids
- Artemisia tridentata
- Odocoileus hemionus
- diet studies
- grazing behavior
- range management
- Montana
- rangelands
- Library Collection RecordA 2-year study evaluated the efficacy of supplements for beef cows grazing mixed grass prairie during the fall and winter. Cows were allotted to 3 treatments: (1) range forage only, (2) range forage…Publication Date 1986-07-01
- weight gain
- supplementary feeds
- autumn
- cottonseed meal
- winter
- beef cows
- barley
- protein supplements
- prairies
- Montana
- rangelands
- grazing
- Library Collection RecordA study of plant succession in relation to disturbance history was conducted in Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco] forest and fescue (Festuca L. spp.) grassland…Publication Date 1986-05-01
- Festuca
- plant ecology
- ecological succession
- fires
- Pseudotsuga menziesii
- mountain grasslands
- habitat improvement
- range management
- Montana
- forage
- Library Collection RecordRussian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea), Altai wildrye (Leymus angustus), creeping foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceus), and 2 forms of a bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseuduroegneria spicata) × quackgrass (…Publication Date 1986-09-01
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- field experimentation
- Alopecurus arundinaceus
- saline soils
- salt tolerance
- plant introduction
- Leymus angustus
- Elytrigia repens
- Psathyrostachys juncea
- in vitro digestibility
- Montana
- rangelands
- forage
- Library Collection RecordHigh quality forage is needed in the northern Great Plains during the summer when major growth of cool-season grasses has ceased and quality of standing forage is low. The objective of this study was…Publication Date 1986-05-01
- crude protein
- Great Plains
- seasons
- water uptake
- Bouteloua curtipendula
- Schizachyrium scoparium
- Psathyrostachys juncea
- Agropyron desertorum
- digestibility
- crop yield
- Montana
- rangelands
- nutritive value
- forage
- Library Collection RecordArthropods were sampled in pitfall traps for 2 yr on bentonite mine spoils and adjacent, unmined big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) grasslands in southeastern Montana to assess the impacts of…Publication Date 1987-03-01
- mine spoil
- bentonite
- colonizing ability
- mined soils
- arthropods
- grasslands
- reclamation
- Artemisia tridentata
- land restoration
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordWe estimated forage intake of Hereford (HH) and 75% Simmental-25% Hereford (3S1H) cows grazing in northcentral Montana during the summer grazing season of 1982. Cows ranged freely over a 81-ha…Publication Date 1986-09-01
- lactation
- Festuca altaica
- Festuca idahoensis
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- foraging
- breed differences
- beef cows
- Montana
- rangelands
- feed intake
- Library Collection RecordPayson sedge (Carex paysonis Clokey) is a dominant component of many alpine floras in the western United States. This species appears to be a highly adapted colonizer (early invader) on disturbances…Publication Date 1987-03-01
- burial
- carex paysonis
- colonizing ability
- photoperiod
- Carex
- seed germination
- establishment
- temperature
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordSpotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) is a noxious plant that has invaded many native ranges and open woodlands of western Montana. Knapweed is generally considered to have a low palatability to…Publication Date 1987-05-01
- weed control
- nutrient contents of plants
- in vitro digestibility
- Centaurea maculosa
- Montana
- nutritive value
- Library Collection RecordThis study evaluated the efficacy of 2% zinc phosphide grain bait as a control agent for black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and the rate at which prairie dogs returned to treated areas…Publication Date 1986-05-01
- rodent control
- zinc phosphide
- population change
- grazing competitors
- rodents
- Cynomys ludovicianus
- population dynamics
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordPregermination treatments applied to seed of Gardner saltbush, [Atriplex gardneri (Moq.) D. Dietr.] were evaluated for alleviation of seed dormancy. Treatments selected simulated conditions the seed…Publication Date 1985-07-01
- pregermination
- Atriplex gardneri
- Atriplex
- environmental factors
- Wyoming
- land restoration
- seed germination
- seed dormancy
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordSeeds of greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.) were germinated at 5 degrees to 40 degrees C in 5-degree increments to determine temperature response. Seeds were also germinated in…Publication Date 1985-03-01
- ions
- water potential
- Sarcobatus vermiculatus
- germination
- temperature
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordNitrogen (N) fertilization can be an effective way of increasing forage production. The question is how much does N fertilization increase forage yield of western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii) when…Publication Date 1985-09-01
- forage conditioners
- residual effects
- nitrogen fertilizers
- Pascopyrum smithii
- crop yield
- Montana
- rangelands