Rangeland Ecology & Management
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- Library Collection RecordAppropriate use levels have not been established for wildlife browsing of true mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus) and this study used exclosures to determine how natural levels of ungulate…Publication Date 1969
- utilization
- compensatory growth
- herbivory
- shrubs
- Cercocarpus montanus
- Exclosure
- grazing optimization
- mountain brush
- twig demography
- Library Collection RecordThorne et al. used clipping to determine the effects of different browsing histories and frequencies on planeleaf willow (Salix planifolia Prush) canopy volume and biomass production aboveground,…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- biomass production
- riparian systems
- root:shoot ratio
- simulated browsing
- streambank erosion
- Library Collection RecordThe objectives of this study were to discover the effects of herbivory, fire, and the interaction between herbivory and fire on the species richness, abundance, and composition of a Louisiana…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- Controlled Burn
- fire
- interactive effects
- marsh
- oligohaline marsh
- wetland
- Library Collection RecordTaylor and Grace investigate the impacts of nutria (Myocastor coypus) herbivory in three different marsh communities. Herbivory reduced biomass equally in all three communities, a reduction of about…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- Nutria
- Panicum
- Spartina
- coastal marsh
- freshwater marsh
- mesohaline marsh
- Myocastor coypus
- oligohaline marsh
- Library Collection RecordThis study examined how to increase growth and survival of five species of seedlings over a four year study period at two riparian sites near the Chester River, Maryland. Five treatments were used:…Publication Date 1969
- weed control
- plant competition
- herbivory
- Quercus
- survival
- forest buffer
- riparian
- Seedling
- stream restoration
- tree growth
- tree shelter
- Library Collection RecordSweeney and Czapka experimentally evaluated the short-term (1 year) and long-term (5 years) effects of measures to reduce both herbivory (tree shelters) and plant competition (herbicides, tree mats,…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- plant competition
- forest buffer
- riparian
- seedling growth
- tree shelter
- weed-abatement
- Library Collection RecordIn California, Swank and Oechel assessed the individual and combined effects of four main factors (trenching to reduce root competition, caging to reduce herbivory, nutrient addition, and water…Publication Date 1969
- allelopathy
- California
- germination
- grazing
- herbivory
- seedlings
- Adenostoma fasciculatum
- Chamise
- chaparral herbs
- competition
- herb biomass
- resource limitation
- Library Collection RecordStroud et al measured the response of western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii) to three treatments, including unclipped controls, conventional clipping, and clipping (which simulated continuous grazing…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- Agropyron smithii
- plant response
- continuous grazing
- simulated grazing
- western wheatgrass
- Library Collection RecordThe tolerance of plants to herbivory reflects the degree to which a plant can regrow and reproduce after damage from herbivores. Recent work indicates that there is a heritable basis for tolerance…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- tolerance
- compensation
- defense
- plant tolerance
- resistance
- Library Collection RecordIn this study, Smith and Kadlec determined the effects of grazing and fire separately, and in combination, on a Utah freshwater salt marsh. Marsh standing crop increased or decreased in response to…Publication Date 1969
- Distichlis spicata
- herbivory
- primary production
- Typha
- Utah
- wetlands
- fire
- nutritive quality
- Scirpus lacustris
- Scirpus maritimus
- Library Collection RecordAlthough biomass of cattail (Typha latifolia) was different among playas, there was no difference in biomass between exclosed and unexclosed quadrants in playas of Texas. Herbivory, therefore, does…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- Texas
- common cattail
- playa wetlands
- Typha latifolia
- Library Collection RecordThis study assessed effects of voles (Microtus) on nitrogen dynamics using exclosures in two riparian meadows (Crystal Bench and Blacktail Deer Creek), in Yellowstone National Park. Results showed…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- legumes
- voles
- Microtus
- mineralization
- nitrogen
- plant litter
- soil organic matter
- Trifolium
- nitrogen cycling
- potentially mineralizable
- riparian
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordThe authors present data on the effects of elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory on grassland species composition, biomass production, and forage quality, and to document any changes in ungulate-grassland…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- grazing
- grasslands
- herbivory
- elk
- fire effects
- forage quality
- ungulate winter range
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordThis review looks at the concept of utilization. It is the authors' belief that the use of utilization data to adjust management programs, particularly with a simple mathematical formula, is an…Publication Date 1969
- utilization
- management
- crested wheatgrass
- grazing
- livestock
- bluebunch wheatgrass
- Library Collection RecordThis review looks at diet selection in grouse and waterfowl in the context of their herbivorous diets and discusses adaptations to herbivory in these groups. Grouse eat plant foods containing lower…Publication Date 1969
- grouse
- waterfowl
- herbivory
- nutrition
- digestion
- Library Collection RecordThe interactions between most herbivores and their hosts are usually considered the result of a long coevolutionary process. Current theory states that most plants respond to herbivory by producing…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- nutrients
- Growth Responses
- plant chemistry
- Plant Productivity
- plant-herbivore interactions
- Library Collection RecordWhen herbivores preferentially feed on early successional species they may generate conditions favorable for these species and thus create a positive feedback. Positive feedbacks may create multiple…Publication Date 1969
- foraging
- grasslands
- herbivory
- alternate stable states
- disturbance
- herbivore population dynamics
- multiple stable state
- pocket gophers
- spatial structure
- succession
- Thomomys bottae
- Library Collection RecordThis study compared the growth, phenology, and leaf demography of partly defoliated, connected shoots with that of partly defoliated, severed shoots in four old-field perennials (Solidago canadensis…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- compensation
- Aster lanceolatus
- donal integration
- Solidago spp.
- Library Collection RecordThis paper outlines the origin of a typical riparian livestock exclosure presented in the literature, summarizes and critiques some recurrent assumptions in exclosure-based research, and presents…Publication Date 1969
- management
- ecological restoration
- livestock exclosures
- riparian ecosystems
- Western United States
- Library Collection RecordQuercus buckleyi acorn predation and seedling establishment and survival were measured by Russell and Fowler, on sites with or without deer (Odocoileus virginianus) browsing and Juniperus ashei…Publication Date 1969
- Odocoileus virginianus
- population dynamics
- herbivory
- woodlands
- facilitation
- Quercus buckleyi
- white-tailed deer
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of moose and snowshoe hare browsing on root production, growth and survival in Alaskan forests dominated by willows (Salix spp.) was measured in this study. Aboveground herbivory…Publication Date 1969
- browsing
- herbivory
- longevity
- production
- Alaska
- fine roots
- nutrient cycling
- turnover
- Library Collection RecordIn this review, Rosenthal and Kotanen examine the major factors that affect plant tolerance to both insect and vertebrate herbivory, and summarizes some developing ideas about the adaptive…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- tolerance
- growth rate
- nutrient uptake
- allocation patterns
- defense
- plant-animal interactions
- resistance
- storage capacity
- Library Collection RecordRipple and Beschta used historic data, photo records, and current vegetation measurements to determine the impacts of elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory on willows (Salix spp.) before the extirpation of…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- herbivory
- elk
- predation risk
- Salix spp.
- trophic cascades
- willows
- Library Collection RecordReader determined plant mortality caused by herbivory and competition for three plant species (Medicago lupulina, Centaurea nigra, Taraxacum officinale), by excluding herbivores and removing…Publication Date 1969
- Medicago lupulina
- Taraxacum officinale
- Plant performance
- herbivory
- Centaurea nigra
- competition
- neighbor removal
- Library Collection RecordAuthors measured clipping effects on plant growth and nitrogen accumulation of Agropyron smithii plants, that were grown with an A. smithii or Artemisia frigida neighbor, in greenhouse pots with…Publication Date 1969
- Agropyron smithii
- herbivory
- primary production
- Artemisia frigida
- Cynomys ludovicianus
- Fringed Sagewort
- nitrogen accumulation
- prairie dog colonies
- western wheatgrass
- Library Collection RecordAccording to Platts, the overgrazing of the late 1800s and early 1900s basically destroyed the natural vegetation communities of the Western range. Major efforts to improve range conditions came…Publication Date 1969
- rangelands
- grazing
- grazing systems
- management
- water cycle
- Western United States
- Library Collection RecordThis review paper tracks Idaho's rangeland livestock-fishery resources from their historic development to the future, and discusses the importance of managing rangelands to produce the optimum…Publication Date 1969
- management
- forage
- livestock
- grazing
- fisheries resource
- Idaho rangelands
- riparian degradation
- Library Collection RecordPedreira et al. determined persistence of the "Florakirk" cultivar of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) at different stocking rates (stubble heights of 8-,16-,24-cm) and management regimes (…Publication Date 1969
- Cynodon dactylon
- photosynthesis
- management
- carbohydrate reserves
- Florakirk bermudagrass
- light interception
- persistence
- rest period
- stubble height
- Library Collection RecordPastor and Naiman suggest that selective foraging alters feedbacks between plants and decomposers and between plants and herbivores. Plants that produce easily decomposable litter are also heavily…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- productivity
- herbivores
- feedback
- nutrient cycles
- selective foraging
- Library Collection RecordPastor et al. studied the effect of moose (Alces alces) browsing on the nutrient cycles of boreal forests using three, 40-year old exclosures on Isle Royale, Michigan. Soil nutrient availability and…Publication Date 1969
- moose
- boreal forests
- Food webs
- herbivory
- nitrogen mineralization
- Alces alces
- exclosures
- nitrogen cycling
- Library Collection RecordThis article explores the effect of herbivores on ecosystem nutrient and energy flow in a boreal regions, given the assumption that plant species differ in herbivore preference, nutrient uptake rates…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- biochemical variability
- boreal regions
- decomposition rates
- ecosystem models
- Growth Rates
- nutrient content
- nutrient cycling
- preferred plant food sources
- Library Collection RecordBrowsing by moose (Alces alces) influences both the plant species present in the forest and the properties of the soil. Interactions between moose and the forest provide an example of how herbivores…Publication Date 1969
- moose
- browsing
- herbivory
- Alces alces
- Boreal Forest
- soil microbes
- Library Collection RecordParamenter et al. examined the impact of long-tailed vole (Microtus longicaudus) and deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) population changes and feeding behavior on shrub populations, and the…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- rodents
- Artemisia tridentata
- big sagebrush
- deer mouse
- long-tailed vole
- microtus longicaudus
- Peromyscus maniculatus
- Library Collection RecordWhile herbivory probably is a natural part of all terrestrial ecosystems, livestock herbivory is not a natural part of California natural ecosystems. Livestock behavior does not mimic that of either…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- ungulates
- plant communities
- California
- alien livestock
- livestock impacts
- mammalian herbivores
- natural ecosystems
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordPlants of scarlet gilia, Ipomopsis aggregata, are exposed to high levels of mammalian herbivory (by mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus, and elk, Cervus elaphus) early in the season, before flowering.…Publication Date 1969
- browsing
- compensatory growth
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Cervus elaphus
- herbivory
- elk
- Ipomopsis aggregata
- scarlet gilia
- Library Collection RecordHerbivores are generally thought to enhance plant diversity by their direct consumption of competitively dominant plant species and indirect effects on plants competition. Consequently, management…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- biodiversity
- grasslands
- extinction dynamics
- habitat scales
- local plant colonization
- spatial scales
- temporal scales
- Library Collection RecordThe purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that emergent plant communities, at Marsh Island, Louisiana, were unaffected by weir management. Although weir management may affect other…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- Louisiana
- brackish marsh
- estuary
- marsh management
- Library Collection RecordThis case study in Utah was conducted to determine the location and extent of big-game damage to agriculture. Results of this study indicate that losses involve more than the feed or crops consumed…Publication Date 1969
- Utah
- grazing
- herbivory
- big-game animals
- damage costs
- damage to agriculture
- Domestic Livestock
- private land
- Library Collection RecordIn the Yukon, a study of snowshoe hares, Lepus americanus, showed that they produced more pellets on plots with more fertilizer, than on plots with less fertilizer. Snowshoe hares also produced more…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- grazing
- pellets
- Arctic ground squirrel
- Lepus americanus
- nitrogen fertilization
- snowshoe hare
- Spermophilus parryi
- Library Collection RecordMany ecologists and managers tend to treat the roles and effects of each species on river corridors individually. According to Naiman and Rogers, this focus on individual species often results in…Publication Date 1969
- management
- feeding
- hydrology
- channel processes
- functional groupings
- habitat
- large animals
- river corridors
- vegetative patch structure
- Library Collection RecordAnimals continue to play major ecological roles that go beyond their immediate requirements for food or habitat. In many cases, they are responsible for biogeochemical, successional, and landscape…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- Trophic levels
- animal population cycles
- community structure
- ecosystem
- successional pathways
- Library Collection RecordThis review looks at nonpoint source pollution in watersheds caused by cattle excrement, and how rangeland managers must address certain concerns regarding impacts on water quality due to nutrient…Publication Date 1969
- water quality
- watersheds
- management
- cattle excrement
- nonpoint source pollution
- nutrient loading
- pathogen loading
- Library Collection RecordMyers and Swanson studied three streams in central Nevada, two of which had been managed under a deferred rotation system for 7 years, and the other had complete rest for that same amount of time.…Publication Date 1969
- grazing
- utilization
- management
- bank stability
- deferred rotation grazing
- gradients
- stream morphology
- width to depth ratio
- Library Collection RecordThe impacts of redhead (Aythya americana) grazing in the shoalgrass (Halodule wrightii) habitat, of the Laguna Madre in Texas, were measured in this study. Redhead grazing did not affect root…Publication Date 1969
- Texas
- herbivory
- Aythya americana
- Halodule wrightii
- Laguna Madre
- redhead
- shoalgrass
- Library Collection RecordMilchunas and Noy-Meir developed a conceptual framework of external plant avoidances to herbivory, based on foraging selection impedances (associational avoidances), behavioral impedances (indirect…Publication Date 1969
- tolerance
- herbivory
- avoidance
- forage selection
- plant-herbivore interactions
- refuges
- Library Collection RecordIn Colorado, Milchunas et al. assessed the effects of 45 years of controlled, heavy grazing by cattle and grazing exclosures on the basal cover and density of species in plant communities along…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- landscape
- catena
- community structure
- disturbance
- evolutionary history
- shortgrass steppe
- Library Collection RecordIn the shortgrass steppe of Colorado, authors made comparisons of vegetation and species composition between grazed sites and geologic refuge sites, that were located in ravines and not exposed to…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- drought
- livestock grazing
- rare species
- refugia
- relict
- rock bluffs and outcrops
- Library Collection RecordMultiple regression analyses were performed on worldwide 236-site data set compiled from studies that compared species composition, aboveground net primary production (ANPP), root biomass, and soil…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- soil organic matter
- abiotic controls
- aboveground net primary production
- dominant species and growth forms
- evolutionary history of grazing
- grazing intensity and duration
- rangeland condition and trend
- root mass vs. grazing
- shrub invasion
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordMerrill and Colberg measured the effects of simulated flooding, clipping, and dung addition on tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa) in a greenhouse. Root biomass was reduced while above-ground…Publication Date 1969
- flooding
- herbivory
- Deschampsia caespitosa
- nitrogen dynamics
- tufted hairgrass
- wet meadows
- Library Collection RecordMcNaughton wrote this article in response to Belsky's (1986) paper titled, "Does herbivory benefit plants?" since he felt that she developed an argument that is neither internally…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- grazing
- Plant fitness
- plant-herbivore relations