Rangeland Ecology & Management
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- Library Collection RecordLoft et al. concluded that heavy stocking rates, which are considerably higher than federal recommendation, cause negative effects in deer habitat preference during their fawning season. Cattle seem…Publication Date 1969
- stocking rate
- competition
- corn lilies
- cover
- Library Collection RecordLoft et al. looked at the interaction of cattle and mule deer and the accompanied effects on mule deer home range in the Sierra Nevada's of California. The presence of cattle never removed mule…Publication Date 1969
- stocking rate
- competition
- habitat requirements
- home range
- Library Collection RecordKingery et al. looked at the possible interactions between cattle, elk and white-tailed deer through fecal analysis to determine the species composition. They found that elk and cattle were most…Publication Date 1969
- interspecific competition
- Bos taurus
- Cervus elaphus
- Odocoileus virginianus
- Abies grandis
- Thuja plicata
- diet selection
- elk
- resource partitioning
- white-tailed deer
- Library Collection RecordVegetation and soil chemistry variables were measured inside and outside of a 7 year old exclosure to determine the effects of moose (Alces alces) herbivory on Alaskan taiga forest succession.…Publication Date 1969
- soil chemistry
- willow
- Alces alces
- alder
- Alnus tenuifolia
- ecosystem development
- elk
- exclosures
- forest development
- Salix spp.
- vegetation dynamics
- Library Collection RecordTo determine the history of browsing by elk (Cervus elaphus) on narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), at a site in northern Yellowstone National Park, Keigley assigned each individual…Publication Date 1969
- architecture
- Cervus elaphus
- Growth Form
- browsing history
- elk
- narrowleaf cottonwood
- populus angustifolia
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of grazing by sheep and wildlife on willow (Salix spp.) communities in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem were compared in this study. Willow communities grazed by wildlife (elk, Cervus…Publication Date 1969
- willow
- grazing
- elk
- rangeland health
- repeat photography
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordSome researches state that willows (Salix spp.) on Yellowstone National Park's northern range have declined because of climatic change, fire suppression, reduced chemical defenses, or other…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- aboriginal overkill
- beaver
- elk
- Native Americans
- natural regulation
- park management
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordKarn et al. compared animal gains, and forage production and utilization at two stocking rates (moderate and heavy) on flat and rolling native grasslands with seeded smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis…Publication Date 1969
- crested wheatgrass
- Agropyron desertorum
- Bromus inermis
- stocking rate
- animal gains
- native rangelands
- Pascopyrum smithii
- smooth bromegrass
- western wheatgrass
- Library Collection RecordJung and Sahlu determined the effects of sheep grazing at two different stocking rates on available forage, forage quality, diet quality, and animal intake and weight gain. Forage quality declined…Publication Date 1969
- stocking rate
- selective grazing
- Bromus inermis
- animal gains
- diet composition
- diet quality
- intake
- smooth bromegrass
- Library Collection RecordJenkins and Wright looked at the spatial overlap of white-tailed deer, elk and moose niches and how that effected habitat selection and vegetation preferences. The main factor found to influence all…Publication Date 1969
- Odocoileus virginianus
- Cervus elaphus
- moose
- Alces alces
- community type
- elk
- habitat overlap
- vegetation preferences
- white-tailed deer
- Library Collection RecordIrby et al. reported the perceptions that commercial agriculture producers have about the effect wild ungulate grazing has on their crops and pasture land. The majority of the ranchers surveyed said…Publication Date 1969
- agriculture
- damage
- deer
- Cervus elaphus
- Montana
- Antilocapra americana
- elk
- Odocoileus spp.
- perceptions
- pronghorns
- Library Collection RecordTo study the effects of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and elk (Cervus elaphus) on buckbrush (Ceanothus fendleri), Huffman and Moore built exclosures around plots in 3 ponderosa pine (Pinus…Publication Date 1969
- buckbrush
- Cervus elaphus
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Ceanothus fendleri
- ecological restoration
- elk
- flower production
- stem morphology
- Library Collection RecordHuffaker and Cooper have presented a model linking privately optimal annual stocking rates to their long-term impact on the succession of plant species on rangeland. The underlying motivation is the…Publication Date 1969
- environment
- plant succession
- stocking rate
- rangeland
- slow dynamics
- threshold analysis
- Library Collection RecordHuff and Varley review the information on the subject of natural regeneration in Yellowstone National Park's northern range. The greatest concern to park managers and their critics over recent…Publication Date 1969
- carrying capacity
- overpopulation
- range management
- wildlife management
- herbivory
- elk
- National Park Service
- natural process management
- natural regulation
- policy
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordHudson and Nietfeld looked at the effects of late-summer elk foraging rates on a mature, grass-dominant vegetation stand. Four elk were contained in a 0.15 ha plot for a 7 day period, where bite/min…Publication Date 1969
- biomass
- stocking rate
- bite rate
- boreal grasslands
- foraging time
- Library Collection RecordThree densities of elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) were grazed in the winter and early spring to determine how each effected the availability and use of forage by cattle (Bos taurus) in the spring.…Publication Date 1969
- cattle
- Bos taurus
- Cervus elaphus canadensis
- competitive effects
- elk
- facilitative effects
- Library Collection RecordHessl synthesized and compared current hypotheses regarding aspen decline by focusing on studies of aspen in the elk winter ranges of Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Jackson Hole (JH), and…Publication Date 1969
- regeneration
- Aspen
- decline
- elk
- invasion
- species decline
- Library Collection RecordHerbaceous production, utilization, percent cover and species composition were compared for three grazing systems (continuous, rotationally deferred, short-duration rotation) at two stocking rates (…Publication Date 1969
- continuous grazing
- stocking rate
- range condition
- rotationally deferred grazing
- Savory Grazing Method
- short-duration rotation grazing
- Library Collection RecordHart et al. determined that cattle and elk appear to have very little habitat over lap, based on the soil types and slope/aspect of the areas where they were observed. Cattle seemed to spend most of…Publication Date 1969
- stocking rate
- cattle-elk competition
- range sites
- Library Collection RecordIn this study, Gillen et al. determined the effects of altering the rest period between grazing cycles and the stocking rate in a short-duration rotational grazing system in pastures that were spring…Publication Date 1969
- rotational grazing
- stocking rate
- rest
- grazing system
- seral successional stage
- Spring Burning
- Library Collection RecordGillen et al. examined the impact of 3 short-duration grazing treatments (2, 3, and 4-grazing cycles, ranging from 3 to 9 days) and 2 stocking rates on Oklahoma tallgrass prairie over 2 years. Grass…Publication Date 1969
- stocking rate
- defoliation frequency
- defoliation intensity
- Rotation Grazing
- Library Collection RecordIn Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, Gage and Cooper identified possible constraints on willow (Salix spp.) establishment in two heavily browsed riparian areas, in 2000 and 2001, by examining…Publication Date 1969
- willow
- ungulates
- Cervus elaphus
- dispersal
- elk
- riparian
- Salix spp.
- Library Collection RecordThis study was designed to evaluate vegetation standing crop biomass and species composition at varying distances from water on 2 upland sandy ranges in different ecological conditions, in the…Publication Date 1969
- grazing management
- forage
- stocking rate
- range condition
- rangeland
- Library Collection RecordOn the northern winter range of Yellowstone National Park, Frank and Zhang measured ammonia volatilization at three times in 1995, at three topographic positions: hilltop, midslope, and slope-bottom…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- bison
- nitrogen
- Ammonia Volatilization
- Bison bison
- elk
- grassland
- ungulate
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordIn this study, Frank and McNaughton tested the theory that herbivory would stimulate above-ground production by measuring the effects of elk (Cervus elaphus) and bison (Bison bison) grazing on plant…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- primary production
- grasslands
- Cervus elaphus
- bison
- Bison bison
- elk
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordA year long study was conducted to examine how large herbivores and landscape factors affect soil C and N dynamics in grasslands of Yellowstone National Park. Results from the in situ experiment…Publication Date 1969
- carbon
- grazing
- herbivory
- bison
- nitrogen
- elk
- grassland
- Library Collection RecordFrank and Evans investigated the effects of native ungulates on grassland N cycling in Yellowstone National Park by examining natural 15N abundance of soils and plants inside and outside long-term…Publication Date 1969
- bison
- Cervus elaphus
- nitrogen
- 15N
- Bison bison
- elk
- grassland
- herbivore
- stable isotopes
- ungulate
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordMass migration of Yellowstone's ungulates is, not only a critical step to enhance their nutritional quality, but also a key factor in the nutrient cycle of the Park's grass and shrublands…Publication Date 1969
- diet
- forage
- herbivory
- migration
- nitrogen
- ungulates
- Bison bison
- elk
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordFrank and McNaughton measured net aboveground primary productivity (ANPP), large herbivore consumption (C), and dung deposition (D), an index of nutrient flow from herbivores to the soil, in…Publication Date 1969
- bison
- consumption
- drought
- Cervus elaphus
- herbivory
- primary production
- Bison bison
- elk
- forage quality
- grassland function
- ungulate migration
- Library Collection RecordAuthors conducted a replicated farmlet study to investigate the potential for improving dairy profitability through increasing stocking rates without influencing milk yield per cow. The study was…Publication Date 1969
- crude protein
- stocking rate
- grazing systems
- dairy cows
- profitability
- Library Collection RecordAuthors evaluate the effects of management intensity, defined in terms of N fertilization and stocking rate, on litter mass, deposition rate, and chemical composition in continuously stocked '…Publication Date 1969
- chemical composition
- stocking rate
- Paspalum notatum
- decomposition rate
- littler mass
- nitrogen fertilization
- Pensacola bahiagrass
- Library Collection RecordNitrogen is a key element in the grassland ecosystem, because of its capacity to limit primary and secondary production. Dormaar et al. determined the effects of grazing on the composition and…Publication Date 1969
- stocking rate
- exchangeable nitrogen
- hydrolyzable nitrogen
- mineralizable nitrogen
- urease activity
- Library Collection RecordDekker examined the decline of elk populations and other ungulates, in the Snake Indian Valley of Jasper National Park, by counting numbers of ungulates seen in this area from 1970 to 1985. The…Publication Date 1969
- Alberta
- wolves
- predation
- moose
- mule deer
- management
- elk
- Jasper National Park
- population fluctuations
- white-tailed deer
- winter range
- Library Collection RecordCullan et al. investigate the effects of early summer stocking rates on prairie sandreed (Calamovilfa longifolia) in the Nebraska sandhills. Over a two-year period, grazing pressure accounted for 69…Publication Date 1969
- stocking rate
- Calamovilfa longifolia
- little bluestem
- Prairie Sandreed
- recruitment and mortality
- sand bluestem
- Library Collection RecordCoughenour examined dormant season elk (Cervus elaphus) impacts on shoot and root standing crop and nitrogen concentration in and outside of 35 year old exclosures in Yellowstone National Park's…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- grazing
- biomass
- elk
- grazing impacts
- nitrogen concentration
- winter range
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordThis review looks at current management of western rangelands and notes that in most western states, big game and livestock competition is a subject of long-standing controversy. In Montana, the…Publication Date 1969
- monitoring
- forage
- elk
- elk management plan
- modern wildlife management
- private land
- public land
- western rangelands
- Library Collection RecordCoggins and Conover determined the effects of pocket gophers (Thomomys spp.), herbivore grazing, and the combination of the two, on aspen (Populus tremuloides) regeneration through use of grazing…Publication Date 1969
- browsing
- deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Populus tremuloides
- herbivory
- Aspen
- Cervus canadensis
- elk
- Pocket Gopher
- Thomomys spp.
- Library Collection RecordClark et al. used four clipping treatments to simulate livestock grazing to assess the effects each clipping level has on bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum) crude protein (CP), in vitro dry…Publication Date 1969
- Agropyron spicatum
- Cervus elaphus
- phenology
- elk
- forage conditioning
- winter range
- Library Collection RecordClark et al. report basal area change and mortality responses of bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum) to 3 spring, 1 winter, and 3 spring + winter defoliation treatments. Clipping half, when…Publication Date 1969
- Agropyron spicatum
- Cervus elaphus
- mortality
- phenology
- bluebunch wheatgrass
- elk
- forage conditioning
- plant vigor
- winter range
- Library Collection RecordIn this review paper, Bryant et al. studied the effects of short-duration grazing systems on commercial ranches. Based on experiences of Texas Tech researchers of short-duration grazing systems…Publication Date 1969
- rotational grazing
- stocking rate
- management
- arid and semiarid regions
- livestock grazing
- rangeland
- short-duration grazing
- Library Collection RecordIn this Oklahoma study, Brummer et al. found that grazing schedule had limited and inconsistent effects on short-term herbage dynamics of tallgrass prairie. Average seasonal standing crop increased…Publication Date 1969
- stocking rate
- herbage accumulation
- herbage disappearance
- Rotation Grazing
- Library Collection RecordIn this study, long-term exclosures were used to determine the effects of elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory on soil physical and chemical characteristics in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), aspen (Populus…Publication Date 1969
- leaching
- nitrogen mineralization
- grazing
- Cervus elaphus
- elk
- ungulate grazing
- Library Collection RecordBergelson examined the ability of scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata) to compensate for grazing on young bolting shoots at 14 sites, distributed throughout the northwest United States. Scarlet gilia…Publication Date 1969
- shade
- regrowth
- deer
- elk
- Exclosure
- overcompensation
- reproductive growth
- Rocky Mountains
- simulated herbivory
- Library Collection RecordIn this study, Beck and Peek determined the effects of elk (Cervus elaphus) use and cattle (Bos taurus) use on three mountain meadows in northeastern Nevada during different seasons through exclosure…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- Bos taurus
- cattle
- compensation
- utilization
- clipping treatments
- elk
- grazing exclosures
- meadow production
- species richness
- Library Collection RecordA long standing question in range management is the relative importance of the stocking rate versus the length of time of a grazing event. Batabyal et al. address this question by constructing a…Publication Date 1969
- stocking rate
- Time
- range management
- long run expected net unit cost (LRENC)
- modeling
- Library Collection RecordSoil nutrients were measured for 4 years in pastures under heavy, moderate, and light grazing intensities, that were seeded with one of three species (smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), meadow…Publication Date 1969
- grazing intensity
- stocking rate
- fertilizers
- Bromus inermis
- Bromus riparius
- meadow bromegrass
- smooth bromegrass
- soil nitrogen
- soil phosphorus
- winter triticale
- X Triticosecale
- Library Collection RecordBarnett and Stohlgren investigated aspen (Populus tremuloides) regeneration in the Gros Ventre River valley, the National Elk Refuge, and a small part of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, to see if…Publication Date 1969
- Populus tremuloides
- Cervus elaphus
- regeneration
- Wyoming
- Aspen
- elk
- Gros Ventre River valley
- Library Collection RecordBareiss et al. looked at the effects of two different grazing practices (short-duration grazing, SDG, and continuous grazing, CG) on the success of bobwhite and turkey nests on two study sites in…Publication Date 1969
- trampling
- density
- stocking rate
- coverage
- nesting success
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of two stocking rates on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties were measured under continuous and rotational grazing systems for three years. There was high variation in…Publication Date 1969
- stocking rate
- rotational grazing
- grazing system
- microbial biomass carbon
- soil enzyme activity
- soil nutrients
- Library Collection RecordBunchgrasses growth form may cause trampling avoidance by cattle because elevated tussocks present an uneven surface to step on. This hypothesis was tested by counting cattle hoof prints in a…Publication Date 1969
- crested wheatgrass
- Agropyron cristatum
- stocking rate
- avoidance
- bunchgrass