In this study, long-term exclosures were used to determine the effects of elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory on soil physical and chemical characteristics in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), aspen (Populus tremuloides), and meadow vegetation types in Rocky Mountain National Park. Soil bulk density was lower inside exclosures in all plant communities. Grazing increased soil pH and nitrogen leaching in the aspen vegetation type, and reduced soil nutrient concentrations in the sagebrush vegetation type. Based on these results, the authors conclude that the current elk population is not significantly altering soil characteristics in Rocky Mountain National Park. However, authors admit that their conclusions are limited by their small sample size and suggest that future research, using the exclosures erected in 1994, will help to determine the impacts of elk herbivory on soils in the Park.
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