Clark et al. used four clipping treatments to simulate livestock grazing to assess the effects each clipping level has on bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum) crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and dry matter (DM) yield on elk (Cervus elaphus) winter range in northeastern Oregon. The mid-boot/whole plant, mid-boot/half plant, and inflorescence emergence clipping treatments were considerably higher in CP than the unclipped control. IVDMD was highest for mid-boot/whole plant and inflorescence emergence treatments. DM yield was highest for the unclipped control. To avoid significant impact on plant resource viability, livestock grazing should be applied during the boot stage of a plant's phenological development to improve bluebunch wheatgrass winter quality. If regrowth is produced, defoliation after the boot stage can enhance winter forage quality of bluebunch wheatgrass. To achieve this without hindering its competitive condition, a livestock grazing system should be used that only allows for a single defoliation of plants during the boot stage, minimizes regrazing of individual plants in the growing season, and rests grazed plants until vigor is regained.
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