Rangeland Ecology & Management
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- Library Collection RecordThe Endangered Species Act (ESA) continues to serve as one of the most powerful and contested federal legislative mandates for conservation. In the midst of heated debates, researchers, policy makers…Publication Date 2017
- adaptive management
- collaboration
- cooperative conservation
- endangered species management
- human dimensions of natural resource
- management
- resilience
- Library Collection RecordGrassland root responses to mowing and fertility are less well known than shoot responses, even though as much as 90% of productivity in semiarid grasslands occurs belowground. Thus, understanding…Publication Date 2014-01
- belowground
- crested wheatgrass
- invasion
- management
- minirhizotron
- nitrogen
- Library Collection RecordThis material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. The Journal of Range Management archives are made…Publication Date 1964-03-01
- stenoptera
- Nitrogen Response
- Eagle Ranch
- Phalaris tuberosa
- San Luis Obispo County
- ammonium sulfate
- Bromus mollis
- annuals
- Soft Chess
- mixed stand
- winter range
- Harding grass
- fertilizer
- Differential
- perennials
- yields
- grasses
- California
- Library Collection RecordThis material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. The Journal of Range Management archives are made…Publication Date 1964-03-01
- Rainy Season
- seasonal variation
- coverage
- Summer Season
- Grazing Intensities
- origin
- grazing intensity
- India
- forbs
- grasses
- management
- Library Collection RecordThis material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. The Journal of Range Management archives are made…Publication Date 1964-05-01
- educator
- Curriculum Planning
- Teaching Methods
- Ranch Managers
- lands
- Basic Sciences
- international development
- Nations
- Courses
- challenge
- range research
- students
- content
- objectives
- multiple use
- private
- Public
- Range Schools
- development
- future
- range management
- education
- management
- Library Collection RecordThis material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. The Journal of Range Management archives are made…Publication Date 1964-05-01
- cultivated lands
- Seed Placement
- Erosion Hazard
- improvement practices
- Furrow Spacing
- Climax Grasses
- Range Interseeding
- Interseeder
- Range Stie
- Go Back Fields
- Furrow Type
- Seed Selection
- Lister
- Double Disk Furrow
- Poor Condition
- Status
- observation
- Great Plains
- plant succession
- conditions
- Sandy Range
- development
- Nebraska
- management
- Library Collection RecordThis material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. The Journal of Range Management archives are made…Publication Date 1964-07-01
- halfshrubs
- Natural Drainages
- Central Arizona
- Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest
- soil types
- watersheds
- vegetative cover
- chaparral
- history
- change
- responses
- chemical control
- forbs
- grasses
- Library Collection RecordThis article discusses the status of range management in Greece and its relationship to other aspects of the general economy. Since the general economy is improving rapidly, increased attention is…Publication Date 1964-11-01
- management
- Extension
- forests
- Grazing Practices
- teaching
- Aristotelion University
- Thessaloniki
- tourism
- agricultural production
- Farming Lands
- Future Development
- American Farm School
- demonstrations
- Village
- Public Works
- Stored Fodder
- patterns
- industry
- Greece
- soil conservation
- economy
- land use
- land ownership
- research
- controlled grazing
- composition
- improvement
- livestock
- forage
- range management
- Library Collection RecordThe pattern of retrogression due to grazing for native vegetation was established for the important plants of the loamy prairie range site. Total forb numbers increased as range condition declined…Publication Date 1965-01-01
- Decreasers
- Increasers
- secondary succession
- North Central Oklahoma
- Animal Output
- Loamy Prairie
- invaders
- Sideoats
- rainfall
- Big
- Little
- native vegetation
- retrogression
- bluestems
- patterns
- overuse
- buffalo grass
- mulch
- grama
- plant cover
- income
- productivity
- soil moisture
- range condition
- blue grama
- forbs
- overgrazing
- grasses
- basal cover
- mowing
- Library Collection RecordPrescribed (or targeted) sheep grazing can effectively suppress the invasive perennial forb spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos [Gugler] Hayek). Some ranchers and other natural…Publication Date 2012-05-01
- Centaurea maculosa
- Centaurea stoebe
- grasses
- prescribed grazing
- targeted grazing
- timing
- Weeds
- Library Collection RecordMost of the world’s rangelands are subject to large spatial and temporal variation in forage quantity and quality, which can have severe consequences for the stability and profitability of livestock…Publication Date 2012-07-01
- adaptive grazing
- forage quality
- grazing
- management
- key resources
- nutrient loss rates
- seasonal variation
- Library Collection RecordPurposeful introductions of exotic species for rehabilitation efforts following wildfire are common on rangelands in the western United States, though ecological impacts of exotic species in novel…Publication Date 2013-03-01
- exotic species
- greenstrips
- management
- sagebrush steppe
- slickspots
- wildfire
- Library Collection RecordThis paper analyzes rancher participation in conservation programs in the context of a social-ecological framework for adaptive rangeland decision-making. We argue that conservation programs are best…Publication Date 2013-11-01
- ecosystem services
- management
- social networks
- Library Collection RecordA longitudinal study of California hardwood rangelands shows significant change in landowner characteristics and goals. Results of three studies spanning 1985 to 2004 were used to develop and…Publication Date 2010-05-01
- attitudes
- conservation easements
- impermanence syndrome
- land use
- management
- Quercus
- Library Collection RecordMicrohistological analysis of feces is the most applied noninvasive method for assessing diets of wild ungulates. However, the method is complicated by differential digestibility of forage species.…Publication Date 2010-05-01
- bite count
- management
- ruminants
- techniques
- Library Collection RecordCover and yield are two of the most commonly monitored plant attributes in rangeland vegetation surveys. These variables are usually highly correlated and many previous authors have suggested point-…Publication Date 2008-11-01
- forbs
- grasses
- non-destructive sampling
- relative cost
- shrubs
- Library Collection RecordFor more than 150 years, ranchers in the West have gained insight about natural systems through daily interaction and management of landscapes, but this knowledge has never been systematically…Publication Date 2009-11-01
- adoption of innovation
- knowledge networks
- local knowledge
- management
- ranchers
- rangeland health
- semistructured interviews
- Library Collection RecordArid and semiarid rangelands often behave unpredictably in response to management actions and environmental stressors, making it difficult for ranchers to manage for long-term sustainability. State-…Publication Date 2009-11-01
- local knowledge
- management
- ranchers
- semistructured interviews
- state-and-transition models
- vegetation changes
- Library Collection RecordInvasion of rangeland by exotic forage species threatens ecosystem structure and function and can cause catastrophic economic losses. Herbicide treatments often are the focus of management efforts to…Publication Date 2007-05-01
- Chinese bush cloer
- disturbance ecology
- fire ecology
- grazing
- management
- heterogeneity
- herbivory
- invasion
- macro-ecology
- Sericea lespedeza
- Library Collection RecordWe postulate that phosphorus (P) fertilization may increase above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) of rotationally grazed rangelands without reducing the legume component, as does N…Publication Date 2007-09-01
- forage productivity
- grasses
- legumes
- phosphorus
- tall fescue
- temperate native grasslands
- Library Collection RecordTwo experiments evaluated effects of weaning date on cow body condition score (BCS) and calf growth. In Experiment 1, 134 March-calving cows were used in a four-year experiment. Calves were weaned 18…Publication Date 2007-11-01
- beef cows
- systems
- production
- management
- Library Collection RecordOptimum habitat condition is a concept typically used for wildlife rather than livestock. The definition for optimal livestock habitat will vary with management objectives. Abiotic factors, such as…Publication Date 2005-03-01
- distribution
- grazing
- foraging
- behavioral mechanisms
- management
- Library Collection RecordVegetation influences runoff and soil losses in semiarid environments. In shrublands of Central Argentina, grazing has resulted in a reduction of plant cover, an increase in the proportion of bare…Publication Date 2003-05-01
- sown pastures
- splash erosion
- shortgrasses
- range improvement
- vegetation cover
- erosion control
- tallgrasses
- sowing
- shrublands
- water erosion
- endemic species
- runoff
- forbs
- semiarid zones
- Cenchrus ciliaris
- Argentina
- grasses
- rainfall simulators
- runoff
- semiarid shrublands
- soil erosion
- vegetation cover
- Library Collection RecordThe mechanisms responsible for soil-N-mediated species replacement of native perennial grasses by the invasive annual grasses cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) and medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-…Publication Date 2003-05-01
- dry matter partitioning
- Elymus multisetus
- nutrient utilization
- nutrient partitioning
- nitrate fertilizers
- soil nutrients
- ammonium fertilizers
- Taeniatherum caput-medusae
- Elymus elymoides
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- endemic species
- shoots
- Bromus tectorum
- nitrogen
- tillers
- plant competition
- invasive species
- Utah
- grasses
- native perennial grass
- invasive annual grass
- nitrogen availability
- nitrogen form
- carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N)
- seedling development
- root development
- Library Collection RecordOff-road military vehicle traffic is a major consideration in the management of military lands. The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of military tracked M1A1 heavy combat tank…Publication Date 2003-07-01
- rocks
- soil conservation
- military lands
- vehicles
- desert soils
- vegetation cover
- land management
- land use
- soil erosion
- dry seasons
- wet season
- forbs
- shrubs
- sediment yield
- plant litter
- grasses
- New Mexico
- military lands
- soil stability
- site recovery
- seasonal drought
- Library Collection RecordUnderstanding landscape conversion is vital for assessing the impacts of ecological and anthropogenic disturbances at regional and global scales. Since rangelands cover nearly half of the global land…Publication Date 2003-09-01
- environmental degradation
- land use change
- anthropogenic activities
- vegetation cover
- urbanization
- shrublands
- landscape ecology
- Prosopis
- image analysis
- urban areas
- rural areas
- remote sensing
- vegetation types
- semiarid zones
- botanical composition
- rangelands
- grasses
- Arizona
- land conversion
- landscape indices
- fire suppression
- rangeland maintenance
- semiarid
- grasslands
- Library Collection RecordThe western prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera praeclara Sheviak and Bowles) is a threatened species of the tallgrass prairie. Invasion by leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a serious threat to…Publication Date 2003-09-01
- threatened species
- imazapic
- quinclorac
- disturbed habitats
- Platanthera praeclara
- buried seeds
- pesticide application
- endemic species
- glyphosate
- Euphorbia esula
- habitats
- weed control
- forbs
- prairies
- invasive species
- introduced plants
- grasses
- North Dakota
- invasive species
- herbicides
- range improvement
- soil seed bank
- Library Collection RecordCommunity-level (per unit area) and individual tiller reproductive biomass inside and outside of long-term exclosures on the northern winter range of Yellowstone National Park, USA were compared.…Publication Date 2003-09-01
- Yellowstone National Park
- bison
- seed productivity
- Cervus elaphus
- winter
- Antilocapra americana
- tillering
- Wyoming
- grazing intensity
- biomass
- botanical composition
- rangelands
- defoliation
- literature reviews
- grasses
- grasslands
- ungulates
- grazing
- clipping
- seed production and yield
- Yellowstone National Park
- literature reviews
- Library Collection RecordLand managers need accurate and quick techniques to identify suitable habitat of species of interest. For species protected by federal or state laws, identification of suitable habitat is critical…Publication Date 2001-09-01
- wetlands
- Juncus
- Juncus balticus
- wetland soils
- endangered species
- Platanthera
- Platanthera praeclara
- stachys palustris
- sheyenne national grassland
- swales
- habitat selection
- prediction
- regression analysis
- forbs
- soil water content
- plant communities
- shrubs
- plant litter
- canopy
- grasses
- Platanthera praeclara
- wetlands
- tallgrass prairie
- threatened plant
- edaphic factors
- logistic regression
- soil moisture
- North Dakota
- Library Collection RecordThe amount and temporal distribution of precipitation received is of critical importance for regrowth and plant production on rangelands. The effects of drought in the autumn, and spring/summer, as…Publication Date 2001-09-01
- Turkey (country)
- Festuca ovina
- autumn
- ground cover
- semiarid grasslands
- temporal variation
- rain
- water-use efficiency
- spring
- regrowth
- crude protein
- drought injury
- biomass production
- semiarid zones
- drought
- botanical composition
- rangelands
- canopy
- grasses
- Festuca ovina
- water use efficiency (WUE)
- biomass
- botanical composition
- protein
- Library Collection RecordLand, livestock, and wildlife managers need to understand the nutritional dynamics of forages to sustain adequate growth and reproduction of their animals and/or assure equitable payment for forages…Publication Date 2001-11-01
- Leymus cinereus
- Elymus elymoides
- rangeland soils
- Festuca idahoensis
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- Poa secunda
- arid grasslands
- Achnatherum thurberianum
- nutrient content
- plant ecology
- fiber content
- Bromus tectorum
- Oregon
- crude protein
- precipitation
- grasses
- forage
- crude protein
- neutral detergent fiber
- in vitro organic matter disappearance
- Poa sandbergii
- Bromus tectorum
- Sitanion hystrix
- Agropyron spicatum
- Festuca idahoensis
- Stipa thurberiana
- Elymus cinereus
- Library Collection RecordThe tribe Triticeae contains over 250 perennial species that are components of grasslands in the temperate and sub-arctic regions of the world and includes some of the world's most valuable…Publication Date 2001-11-01
- Elymus
- plant introduction
- germplasm
- Hordeum
- Leymus
- Psathyrostachys
- Elytrigia
- genome
- germplasm evaluation
- Agropyron
- plant genetic resources
- mortality
- yields
- adaptation
- Nebraska
- precipitation
- introduced species
- grasses
- forage
- Triticeae
- Agropyron
- Thinopyrum
- Elymus
- Leymus
- Pascopyrum
- survival
- forage yield
- Library Collection RecordThere has been increasing concern that training on military lands results in excessive soil erosion, ecosystem degradation, and loss of sustainable training resources. Vegetation structure has been…Publication Date 2001-11-01
- wind erosion
- wind tunnels
- military areas
- battletanks
- tracked vehicles
- all-terrain vehicles
- grassland condition
- surface roughness
- ground cover
- ground vegetation
- Idaho
- forbs
- losses from soil
- plant litter
- botanical composition
- grasses
- erosion
- threshold friction velocity
- threshold wind speed
- arid lands
- surface roughness
- military lands
- wind tunnels
- Library Collection RecordA revegetation techniques study was initiated during the fall of 1976 in northwestern Colorado in a disturbed sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) community. The study included 2 irrigation…Publication Date 2001-11-01
- seed mixtures
- irrigated conditions
- plant introduction
- sowing
- sown grasslands
- semiarid grasslands
- stand establishment
- species diversity
- ecological succession
- forbs
- Artemisia tridentata
- plant communities
- shrubs
- land restoration
- application rates
- fertilizer
- biomass
- introduced species
- botanical composition
- grasses
- Colorado
- seeding
- seed mixtures
- fertilization
- irrigation
- succession
- reclamation
- restoration
- Library Collection RecordThis study identifies the characteristics and attitudes of public land ranchers. Data from a random survey of 2,000 U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management grazing permittees (53.5%…Publication Date 2002-01-01
- socioeconomic status
- cultural values
- intensification
- ranges
- farm income
- grazing tenancy
- livestock numbers
- management
- farm size
- public domain
- ranching
- farmers' attitudes
- Western United States
- demography
- grazing intensity
- sheep
- beef cattle
- grazing fees
- grazing reduction
- grazing season
- public land property
- Library Collection RecordIn August 1994, wildfire burned 6,500 ha of native Dry Mixed Prairie in southeastern Alberta. The following year, a study was initiated to monitor the recovery of major plant communities. Burning was…Publication Date 2002-03-01
- Koeleria macrantha
- Elymus lanceolatus
- Hesperostipa comata
- wildfire management
- Agropyron
- ground cover
- fires
- fire effects
- Alberta
- forbs
- Pascopyrum smithii
- Bouteloua gracilis
- precipitation
- biomass production
- grazing intensity
- prairies
- drought
- range management
- plant litter
- botanical composition
- canopy
- grazing
- grasses
- beef cattle
- Stipa
- composition
- forage
- litter
- preference
- production
- topography
- Library Collection RecordA 20-year set of cover data on sagebrush semi-desert plant communities responding to wildfire and livestock grazing near Mills in central Utah provided an opportunity to compare the assumptions and…Publication Date 2002-03-01
- alluvial land
- data analysis
- seral stages
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- annuals
- wildfire management
- Salsola tragus
- experimental design
- range condition
- ecological succession
- perennials
- fires
- fire effects
- Bromus tectorum
- forbs
- precipitation
- grazing intensity
- Artemisia tridentata
- plant communities
- shrubs
- Utah
- canopy
- grasses
- community dynamics
- Clementsian model
- state-and-transition models
- ordination
- trend
- conditions
- Library Collection RecordPoisonous plants that impair normal reproductive functions in livestock include Veratrum californicum Durand, lupines, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.), broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae…Publication Date 2002-05-01
- teratogens
- abortion
- mechanism of action
- Oxytropis
- Astragalus
- alkaloids
- Lupinus
- controlled grazing
- Pinus ponderosa
- reproductive performance
- species differences
- cattle
- range management
- literature reviews
- poisonous plants
- poisonous plants
- lupine
- locoweed
- ponderosa pine
- reproduction
- management
- Library Collection RecordPlains larkspur (Delphinium geyeri Greene) is a major cause of cattle deaths in the northern Great Plains of Wyoming and Colorado. We examined the amount and timing of larkspur ingestion by grazing…Publication Date 2002-07-01
- delphinium geyeri
- weather
- mineral content
- protein content
- fiber content
- voluntary intake
- selective grazing
- Wyoming
- phenology
- grazing
- grasses
- beef cattle
- chemical constituents of plants
- poisonous plants
- maturity stage
- diterpenoid alkaloids
- toxic plants
- diet selection
- cattle grazing
- methyllycaconitine
- alkaloids
- Library Collection RecordBroom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. Rusby) is one of the most widespread range weeds in North America. The objective of this study was to monitor broom snakeweed populations in the…Publication Date 2002-07-01
- Pleuraphis jamesii
- Hilaria
- age structure
- leaf area
- poisonous weeds
- Agropyron desertorum
- invasion
- population dynamics
- Gutierrezia sarothrae
- Idaho
- precipitation
- shrubs
- plant density
- drought
- plant competition
- invasive species
- Utah
- grasses
- poisonous plants
- broom snakeweed
- Gutierrezia sarothrae
- population cycle
- poisonous plants
- Library Collection RecordThe competitiveness of plants within a community is dictated to some extent by their association with microorganisms in the soil. That association is affected by root exudates and possibly by their…Publication Date 2002-07-01
- Phleum pratense
- Koeleria macrantha
- carboxylic acids
- decreaser species
- increaser species
- Hesperostipa comata
- Psathyrostachys juncea
- root exudates
- Festuca campestris
- invasion
- Agropyron cristatum
- seedlings
- Pascopyrum smithii
- Bouteloua gracilis
- plant competition
- invasive species
- grazing
- grasses
- organic acids
- native grasses
- introduced grasses
- soil quality
- soil chemical properties
- Library Collection RecordPrecise estimates of diet composition are useful to assess herbivores impact on rangelands and to make management decisions. Since the variability within- and between-samples affect precision of…Publication Date 2002-09-01
- data analysis
- estimation
- forbs
- diet
- herbivores
- shrubs
- drought
- Argentina
- grasses
- feeding preferences
- diet selection
- precision
- Lagostomus maximus
- central Argentina
- Caldenal
- Library Collection RecordFires were once a natural part of most savanna ecosystems, but lack of fine fuel and an active suppression policy have changed fire frequency and seasonality. Re-introducing fires to these systems…Publication Date 2002-09-01
- fire intensity
- Acacia
- shrublands
- Prosopis glandulosa
- brush control
- savannas
- ecological succession
- population structure
- shortgrass prairie
- prescribed burning
- forbs
- plant density
- Texas
- botanical composition
- canopy
- grasses
- fire frequency
- seasonality
- prescribed burns
- Prosopis glandulosa
- Acacia
- detrended correspondence analysis
- ordination
- Library Collection RecordWe used microhistological analyses of fresh fecal pellets to determine seasonal diets of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana Merriam 1901) in northwestern Sonora, Mexico from April 1997 to…Publication Date 2002-11-01
- species reintroduction
- Ovis canadensis mexicana
- Ovis canadensis
- browse plants
- gender differences
- Mexico
- feces composition
- forbs
- diets
- wildlife management
- seasonal variation
- botanical composition
- browsing
- grasses
- Ovis canadensis mexicana
- sexual segregation
- Library Collection RecordThere are several generalizations or assumptions concerning rangeland hydrology and erosion relationships found in the literature and in the management arena. These generalizations have found their…Publication Date 2002-11-01
- sheet erosion
- mixed-grass prairies
- tallgrass prairie
- rangeland soils
- Rocky Mountain region
- hydrology
- ground cover
- semiarid grasslands
- Artemisia
- mathematical models
- Carex
- brush control
- steppe soils
- range condition
- equations
- shortgrass prairie
- runoff
- rainfall simulators
- forbs
- soil water content
- plant communities
- California
- prairies
- biomass
- sediment yield
- plant litter
- botanical composition
- rangelands
- canopy
- infiltration
- grasses
- prairie soils
- rangeland hydrology
- infiltration
- erosion
- hydrologic modeling
- Library Collection RecordEffective rangeland weed programs require the ability to predict plant community responses to management. Our objective was to develop regression equations to predict the plant community after…Publication Date 2002-11-01
- Festuca idahoensis
- endemic species
- ground cover
- mathematical models
- regression analysis
- species diversity
- weed control
- equations
- forbs
- plant communities
- plant density
- picloram
- Centaurea maculosa
- biomass
- range management
- introduced species
- Montana
- invasive species
- grasses
- spotted knapweed
- predicting plant response
- integrated weed management
- optimizing herbicide use
- Library Collection RecordFood habits of plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus), greater rhea (Rhea americana) and cattle (Bos taurus) in the Parana? River Delta, Argentina, were studied over 2 years using microhistological…Publication Date 2003-01-01
- Rhea
- Prosopis nigra
- Rhea americana
- ecological competition
- Lagostomus maximus
- vertebrate pests
- forage legumes
- wetlands
- feces composition
- forbs
- diet
- shrubs
- cattle
- seasonal variation
- Argentina
- botanical composition
- pasture plants
- grazing
- grasses
- diet composition
- herbivory
- Lagostomus maximus
- Paraná River Delta
- Rhea americana
- Library Collection RecordA 2-year field experiment was undertaken to quantify the interacting effects of a late-spring prescribed burn and summer rainfall on seasonal runoff and erosion in a southern Arizona grassland. Six…Publication Date 2003-01-01
- Lycurus
- perennial bunchgrasses
- soil water movement
- Muhlenbergia
- soil density
- Eragrostis
- Bouteloua
- water erosion
- semiarid grasslands
- rain
- runoff
- prescribed burning
- rainfall simulators
- plant communities
- sediment yield
- grasses
- bulk density
- Arizona
- Arizona
- sediment yield
- summer rainfall
- Library Collection RecordIndependent digestion trials with 5 forages were conducted to compare n-alkane with indigestible acid-detergent fiber (IADF) as internal markers to predict in vivo dry matter digestibility (…Publication Date 2000-03-01
- digestibility markers
- alkanes
- indigestible acid-detergent fiber
- alfalfa
- alfalfa hay
- prediction
- feces composition
- fiber content
- hay
- digestibility
- cattle
- in vitro digestibility
- grasses
- forage
- maturity stage
- indigestible
- ADF
- hydrocarbon
- beef cattle
- Library Collection RecordPicloram at 0.28 kg ai ha(-1), clopyralid plus 2,4-D at 0.21 kg ai ha(-1) plus 1.12 kg ai ha(-1), or dicamba plus 2,4-D at 0.56 kg ai ha(-1) plus 1.12 kg ai ha(-1) were applied to spotted knapweed (…Publication Date 2000-03-01
- timing
- 2,4-D
- dicamba
- clopyralid
- weed control
- plant density
- picloram
- Centaurea maculosa
- application rates
- biomass
- phenology
- Montana
- grasses
- maturity stage
- Pasture and rangeland weed control
- clopyralid
- dicamba
- picloram
- 2,4-D
- Centaurea maculosa