Rangeland Ecology & Management
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- Library Collection RecordThe authors of this study used exclosures to determine the effects of elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory in winter on Salix monticola in Rocky Mountain National Park, where increasing elk populations are…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- browsing
- plant-animal interactions
- riparian ecosystem
- Rocky Mountain National Park
- Salix monticola
- Library Collection RecordThe long term effects elk (Cervus elaphus), pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) browsing on shrubs in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) at high and low elevation…Publication Date 1969
- Artemisia tridentata
- Cervus elaphus
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Antilocapra americana
- big sagebrush browsing
- northern Yellowstone elk
- pronghorn
- Library Collection RecordThis study reports niche relationships between elk (Cervus elaphus) and four other native ungulates, mule deer (Odocoileus hermionus), bison (Bison bison), pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), and…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- bison
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Antilocapra americana
- bighorn sheep
- Bison bison
- diet overlaps
- elk
- niche relationships
- Ovis canadensis
- Pronghorn Antelope
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordThe authors present data on the effects of elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory on grassland species composition, biomass production, and forage quality, and to document any changes in ungulate-grassland…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- grazing
- grasslands
- herbivory
- elk
- fire effects
- forage quality
- ungulate winter range
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordThe purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in aboveground biomass production by plant species between grazed and ungrazed sites on Yellowstone National Park's northern elk (Cervus…Publication Date 1969
- grazing
- Cervus elaphus
- bison
- Bison bison
- bunchgrasses
- elk
- native ungulates
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordFour grazing levels of 0% (control), 50%, 70%, and 90% relative utilization were used for fall cattle grazing to determine how each level effects elk (Cervus elaphus) and deer (Odocoileus spp.)…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- mule deer
- elk
- fall cattle grazing
- Festuca scabrella
- Odocoileus spp.
- white-tailed deer
- Library Collection RecordSheehy and Varva looked at the causes of spatial and temporal separation between elk, mule deer and cattle. They found that temporal separation was the most important factor for alleviating the…Publication Date 1969
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Cervus elaphus
- cattle
- Bos taurus
- selection
- diet overlap
- elk
- Geographic Information System
- Preferences
- Library Collection RecordThis study was part of a broad effort to understand the role of native ungulates in the dynamics of old-growth forests in Olympic National Park, Washington. The authors examined the structure and…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- browsing
- black-tailed deer
- elk
- native ungulates
- Odocoileus hemionus columbianus
- old-growth forests
- Olympic National Park
- understory patch dynamics
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of elk (Cervus elaphus) browsing on plant growth and nitrogen (N) cycling were measured in short willow and tall willow (Salix spp.), aspen (Populus tremuloides), and upland grass/shrub…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- mineralization
- nitrogen
- overgrazing
- plant production
- willow
- elk
- elk herbivory
- overabundance
- Rocky Mountain National Park
- Salix spp.
- Library Collection RecordSandoval et al. studied the dietary similarities between elk and mule deer on the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. Dietary overlap between elk and mule deer, over the life of the study…Publication Date 1969
- rangelands
- forage
- wildlife
- grazing
- competition
- Library Collection RecordRipple and Beschta used historic data, photo records, and current vegetation measurements to determine the impacts of elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory on willows (Salix spp.) before the extirpation of…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- herbivory
- elk
- predation risk
- Salix spp.
- trophic cascades
- willows
- Library Collection RecordPlatts and Nelson examined the effects of a rest-rotation grazing system versus complete rest on streams that had experienced wildlife use exclusively, in the previous 20 years, as well as streams…Publication Date 1969
- forage
- watersheds
- livestock
- rest-rotation grazing
- stream-bank alteration
- stream-side meadows
- Library Collection RecordThis review paper tracks Idaho's rangeland livestock-fishery resources from their historic development to the future, and discusses the importance of managing rangelands to produce the optimum…Publication Date 1969
- management
- forage
- livestock
- grazing
- fisheries resource
- Idaho rangelands
- riparian degradation
- Library Collection RecordSinger et al. present in this paper an evaluation of the abundance of elk (Cervus elaphus) and bison (Bison bison) and their grazing on ungulate winter ranges in two national parks (Yellowstone…Publication Date 1969
- bison
- Cervus elaphus
- mineralization
- Bison bison
- elk
- Rocky Mountain National Park
- ungulate herbivory
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordResearch cited by Painter and Belsky (1993) may have demonstrated overcompensation or compensatory growth by individual plants in response to harvesting. Patten states that when considering the…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- compensatory growth
- grazing
- overgrazing
- elk
- herbivore optimization
- mixed cattle and elk grazing
- overcompensation
- Southwest
- western rangelands
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordPlants of scarlet gilia, Ipomopsis aggregata, are exposed to high levels of mammalian herbivory (by mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus, and elk, Cervus elaphus) early in the season, before flowering.…Publication Date 1969
- browsing
- compensatory growth
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Cervus elaphus
- herbivory
- elk
- Ipomopsis aggregata
- scarlet gilia
- Library Collection RecordIn this study, Paige measured the vegetative and reproductive growth of scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata) plants growing in smooth brome (Bromus inermis) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) plant…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- plant competition
- elk
- fitness overcompensation
- Ipomopsis aggregata
- reproductive growth
- scarlet gilia
- secondary herbivory
- Library Collection RecordThe spring, summer, and fall diets of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), elk (Cervus elaphus), cattle (Bos taurus), and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) were analyzed in…Publication Date 1969
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Cervus elaphus
- Bos taurus
- Ovis aries
- Antilocapra americana
- Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis
- mountain brush
- Wyoming big sagebrush
- Library Collection RecordA study in Denali National Park, Alaska, studied bark stripping by moose (Alces alces) in order to determine the proportion of bark in their diet, what conditions induce bark stripping, and assess…Publication Date 1969
- moose
- Populus tremuloides
- White spruce
- Picea glauca
- forage
- Alces alces
- aspen-spruce communities
- bark stripping
- Denali National Park
- quaking aspen
- Salix sp.
- willows
- Library Collection RecordThis study took place in one well developed stand of riparian trees and shrubs that appeared to be even-aged along the San Juan River near Chinle Wash in southern Utah. The purpose of the study was…Publication Date 1969
- beavers
- forage
- cottonwoods
- Populus fremontii
- Castor canadensis
- central place foraging theory
- Selective Feeding
- Library Collection RecordThe Aspen Parkland of western Canada constitutes a major portion of the agricultural areas of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, with 86% of the forage production and 66% of the beef cattle herd.…Publication Date 1969
- forage
- research
- aspen parkland
- pasture
- Review
- Library Collection RecordIn Alberta, Mapfumo et al. quantified soil water patterns from grazed and ungrazed perennial and annual forages and to evaluate the ability of Versatile Soil Moisture Budget (VB2000) model to…Publication Date 1969
- evapotranspiration
- forage
- Alberta
- model calibration
- model evaluation
- versatile soil moisture budget model
- Library Collection RecordLoft et al. found that cattle can have an affect on mule deer habitat selection when forage quality and quantity are low in the late summer. Moderate to heavy cattle grazing seemed to push mule deer…Publication Date 1969
- forage
- fitness
- habitat shift
- optimal growth
- Library Collection RecordLehmhuhl et al. developed a Bayesian Belief network to asses the habitat capability for elk, mule deer and white-tailed deer in the Columbia River basin. Their model weighed factors such as…Publication Date 1969
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Odocoileus virginianus
- Cervus elaphus
- forest management
- Bayesian model
- ecosystem management
- Library Collection RecordKingery et al. looked at the possible interactions between cattle, elk and white-tailed deer through fecal analysis to determine the species composition. They found that elk and cattle were most…Publication Date 1969
- interspecific competition
- Bos taurus
- Cervus elaphus
- Odocoileus virginianus
- Abies grandis
- Thuja plicata
- diet selection
- elk
- resource partitioning
- white-tailed deer
- Library Collection RecordOver the past dozen years, the population of bison (Bison bison) on the northern winter range of Yellowstone National Park has expanded from the traditional core along the lower Lamar River, occupied…Publication Date 1969
- bison
- distribution
- group size
- forage
- Bison bison
- population counts
- range expansion
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordWhite et al. comparatively studied the research literature and historic photographs to evaluate aspen (Populus tremuloides) change over time in 6 Rocky Mountain national parks in Canada and the…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- indicator species
- Trembling aspen
- Populus tremuloides
- ecological integrity
- elk
- national park management
- Library Collection RecordThis is a scientific synthesis based on the author’s PhD dissertation along with 141 other studies on elk, moose, and beaver herbivory in riparian communities in the northern range of…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- moose
- Alces alces
- beaver
- Castor canadensis
- elk
- Intermountain West
- native ungulates
- riparian communities
- water cycle
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of simulated grazing on concentrations of N, P, and total suspended solids (TSS) in runoff from fescue dominated pastures were measured at the University of Kentucky Maine Chance…Publication Date 1969
- runoff
- nutrients
- cattle
- forage
- manure
- Rainfall Simulator
- Library Collection RecordThis scientific opinion paper focuses on the weaknesses of recent studies out at La Perouse Bay on the coast of Hudson Bay that have examined the effect of Lesser Snow Geese grazing on net above-…Publication Date 1969
- geese
- grazing
- forage
- net-above ground primary production (NAPP)
- nutrient cycling
- succession
- Library Collection RecordThe growth form and vegetative characteristics of willows (Salix spp.), on the winter range in Rocky Mountain National Park, changed dramatically in response to protection from elk (Cervus elaphus)…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- herbivory
- Salix
- alternative stable states
- Rocky Mountain National Park
- stem morphology
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of cattle grazing on soil moisture were determined during this two year study conducted on five sites: three sites under forage (one on reclaimed mine lands), and two sites under pasture…Publication Date 1969
- forage
- grazing
- water retention
- runoff
- pasture
- total soil water
- Library Collection RecordThe degree that cottonwood recruitment has not occurred and the identification of potential links between environmental factors and recruitment were examined in this study conducted along the Lamar…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- wolves
- Canis lupus
- cottonwood
- elk
- Populus spp.
- riparian
- trophic cascades
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordEffects of elk browsing on willows following simulated beaver use were examined to determine if heavy elk browsing on riparian willows was causing the beaver population to decline. This three year…Publication Date 1969
- compensatory growth
- Cervus elaphus
- herbivory
- livestock
- willow
- beaver
- Castor canadensis
- elk
- plant-herbivore interactions
- Rocky Mountain National Park
- Salix monticola
- standing crop
- ungulate
- Library Collection RecordExclosures and artificial beaver dams were used to determine the cause of willow (Salix spp.) declines in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory reduced annual growth…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- willow
- Colorado
- grazing
- herbivory
- hydrology
- elk
- Rocky Mountain National Park
- Salix spp.
- Library Collection RecordIn pastures grazed by cattle (Bos taurus), elk (Cervus elaphus) used forested areas, draws, spur ridges, steep slopes, and higher elevations more than in ungrazed pastures. Elk avoided pastures when…Publication Date 1969
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Bos taurus
- Cervus elaphus
- grazed pastures
- rested pastures
- steep slope
- Library Collection RecordSites at the Wind Cave National Park (WCNP) in South Dakota dominated by warm-season grasses were used by elk (Cervus elaphus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), while sites dominated by cool-…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- bison
- Antilocapra americana
- Bison bison
- elk
- forbs
- graminoids
- pronghorn
- Library Collection RecordTwenty-five ungulate exclosures were established in Olympic National Park and Olympic National Forest in the 1930's and 1950's. Information from earlier studies and resampled vegetation (…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- Odocoileus hemionus
- black-tailed deer
- elk
- exclosures
- native ungulates
- Olympic National Park
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordThis study in the Southern Great Plains looked at grazing duration effects on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and grain yield. Growth and grain yield responses to grazing duration were…Publication Date 1969
- defoliation
- grazing management
- tillering
- forage
- leaf area index
- biomass
- winter wheat
- Triticum aestivum
- ground cover
- heading date
- Library Collection Record: In the summer of 1994, five narrowleaf cottonwood stands in northeastern Yellowstone National Park were measured for the effects of elk herbivory. These stands were dated by photographs from…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- browsing
- herbivory
- elk
- narrowleaf cottonwood
- Populus augustifolia
- Yellowstone National Park
- Library Collection RecordPrevious defoliation may enhance the quantity or quality of forage available to elk during the winter. Authors initiated this study to determine if spring or fall simulated cattle grazing would…Publication Date 1969
- Agropyron spicatum
- Cervus elaphus
- calcium
- forage conditioning
- forage quality
- phosphorous
- simulated grazing
- Library Collection RecordWambolt and Sherwood examined the effects of long-term ungulate browsing on big sagebrush plant communities, within the Yellowstone winter range, using exclosures that were 32-39 years old. Compared…Publication Date 1969
- Artemisia tridentata
- Cervus elaphus
- Odocoileus hemionus
- mule deer
- Antilocapra americana
- big sagebrush
- exclosures
- habitat quality
- natural regulation
- Pronghorn Antelope
- winter range
- Library Collection RecordWambolt examined differences in bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum) nutrient content in elk (Cervus elaphus) winter range between a pasture grazed by cattle (Bos taurus) in the spring, rested…Publication Date 1969
- Agropyron spicatum
- Cervus elaphus
- crude protein
- big game nutrition
- cattle grazing
- rest-rotation grazing system
- Library Collection RecordSynthesis of literature related to the historical and present associations between ungulates and sagebrush on the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range (NYWR). The NYWR habitats preferred by elk (Cervus…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Artemisia tridentata
- big sagebrush
- elk
- winter range
- Yellowstone
- Library Collection RecordThis article reviews evidence for the contention that chronic high densities of white-tailed deer are having multiple and substantial, deleterious ecological impacts across many regions. Deer have…Publication Date 1969
- Odocoileus virginianus
- forage
- Eastern United States
- habitat
- white-tailed deer
- Library Collection RecordTaylor et al. found that mowing, at a moderate utilization level (50%), in the fall can leave more grass, as well as total biomass for elk and deer the following spring. Cattle grazing at a 90%…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- mowing
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- elk
- Festuca scabrella
- prescribed cattle grazing
- rough fescue
- Library Collection RecordObservations of cattle grazing pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens) indicated that in addition to cropping, pinegrass tillers were pulled up. The objective of this study in British Columbia was to…Publication Date 1969
- grazing
- forage
- Calamagrostis rubescens
- grass
- Herbage Removal
- pinegrass
- tillers
- Library Collection RecordStewart et al. examined the forage used, and its contents of isotopes of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) by cattle, elk and mule deer on the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon…Publication Date 1969
- Bos taurus
- cattle
- Cervus elaphus
- diet
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- microhistological analysis
- niche
- North American elk
- stable isotopes
- Library Collection RecordStewart et al. determined that depending on the season, cattle, elk and mule deer competitively exclude each other due to resource partitioning. Cattle avoided mule deer and elk in the summer and…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- mule deer
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Oregon
- competition
- competitive exclusion
- elk
- free-ranging cattle
- niche partitioning
- Library Collection RecordThe authors of this study linked the overall decline of willows (Salix spp.) in Yellowstone and Rocky Mountain National Parks to the increasing elk (Cervus elaphus) populations in these parks since…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- growth environment
- Rocky Mountain National Park
- Salix spp.
- ungulate management
- Yellowstone National Park