Rangeland Ecology & Management
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- Library Collection RecordThe natural Andean vegetation environment is the most important resource available to local pastoralist economies. Knowledge of its attributes is vital in assessing ecosystem properties and improves…Publication Date 2017
- biomass
- puna
- shrubs
- tussocks
- vegetation
- Library Collection RecordSteadily rising carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Earth's atmosphere has the potential to increase plant biomass production and reduce plant transpiration in semiarid rangelands. Incorporating results…Publication Date 2015-09
- biomass
- climate change
- CO2
- evapotranspiration
- rangeland
- soil water
- Library Collection RecordWith the encroachment of piñon (Pinus ssp.) and juniper (Juniperus ssp.) woodlands onto sagebrush steppe rangelands, there is an increasing interest in rapid, accurate, and inexpensive quantification…Publication Date 2014-09
- biomass
- ECognition® Developer
- Juniperus
- Object-based image analysis
- Pinus
- remote sensing
- Library Collection RecordTotal herbage production increased significantly following 92 to 100 percent control of winged elm, oak, and hickory trees. This increase, however, was mostly in less desirable grass and forb plants…Publication Date 1964-09-01
- recovery
- abundance
- oak
- Vegetational Composition
- Winged Elm
- Ulmus alata
- Woody Species
- Vegetational Responses
- Blackjack Post Oak Vegetative Type
- 2,4,5-T
- Quercus
- Kansas
- invasion
- herbage production
- reseeding
- forbs
- control
- Oklahoma
- brush control
- species composition
- Texas
- basal cover
- Library Collection RecordWhite-tailed deer welfare and production under various intensities of continuous-use grazing by combined cattle, sheep, and angora goats was studied in the Edwards Plateau region of Texas. Under poor…Publication Date 1965-01-01
- native forage
- competition
- Food
- responses
- Central Texas
- Welfare
- white-tailed deer
- Continuous Use Grazing
- Sheep Angora Goats
- Deer Production
- Ashe Juniper Vegetative Type
- Mortaility
- rest periods
- Poor
- vegetative composition
- deer
- controlled grazing
- palatability
- livestock production
- range condition
- livestock
- cattle
- production
- Odocoileus virginianus
- feed
- Edwards Plateau
- Texas
- carrying capacity
- Library Collection RecordGrazing by large herbivores has been shown to condition vegetation in a manner that improves grassland quality for subsequent herbivory. Fescue grasslands evolved with disturbance from fire and…Publication Date 2012-01-01
- biomass
- forage quality
- litter
- nitrogen concentration
- Festuca campestris
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordOur ability to assess the continental impacts of woody encroachment remains compromised by the paucity of studies quantifying regional encroachment rates. This knowledge gap is especially apparent…Publication Date 2012-05-01
- biomass
- crown cover
- Landsat
- reflectance
- remote sensing
- Library Collection RecordDisturbances, such as fire and grazing, play important roles in determining grassland plant community composition and soil microbial dynamics, as well as regulating the flows of carbon (C) and…Publication Date 2008-11-01
- biomass
- C3
- C4
- cover
- disturbance
- Library Collection RecordLong-term effects of two mechanical interventions, shallow plowing and harrowing, on degraded Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. grassland were studied. Species composition and standing biomass of the…Publication Date 2009-07-01
- biomass
- facilitation
- long-term effect
- species richness
- succession trajectories
- Library Collection RecordSnow accumulation is an important process that defines the hydrological characteristics of grasslands and is mediated by vegetation structure. Grazing also affects those processes, but its…Publication Date 2006-07-01
- grazing pressure
- artificial patches
- meteorologial variables
- biomass
- Library Collection RecordWe surveyed a group of rangeland managers in the Southwest about vegetation monitoring needs on grassland. Based on their responses, the objective of the RANGES (Rangeland Analysis Utilizing…Publication Date 2006-09-01
- remote sensing
- biomass
- height
- cover
- Library Collection RecordLandscapes with structural heterogeneity or patchiness can support diverse and stable wildlife populations. Visual obstruction methods (i.e., Robel pole and Nudd’s coverboard) are common and useful…Publication Date 2007-09-01
- biomass
- sampling variation
- techniques
- wildlife habitats
- Library Collection RecordThe survival of Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei Buchh.) plants of all sizes was compared between paired burned and unburned plots in four savanna sites on the eastern Edwards Plateau. Smaller plants…Publication Date 2007-11-01
- Edwards Plateau
- facilitation
- fire survival
- Juniperus ashei
- survival rates
- Texas
- Library Collection RecordPrescribed cattle grazing is often used to purposely enhance wildlife habitat. This study investigated the effects of fall cattle (Bos taurus) grazing intensity on elk (Cervus elaphus) and deer (…Publication Date 2003-05-01
- wildlife-livestock relations
- Festuca altaica
- Cervus elaphus
- spring
- forbs
- rotational grazing
- summer
- grazing intensity
- Odocoileus
- cattle
- wildlife management
- biomass
- range management
- botanical composition
- Montana
- Cervus elaphus
- Festuca scabrella
- Odocoileus spp.
- livestock-wildlife relations
- prescribed livestock grading
- Library Collection RecordHighly intensive stocking of dairy cattle on continuously grazed pasture coupled with liberal applications of commercial fertilizer can lead to increased losses of agricultural nutrients, which is a…Publication Date 2003-05-01
- farm size
- dairy cows
- soil nutrient balance
- nutrient management
- dairy farm management
- agricultural runoff
- pollution control
- simulation models
- costs and returns
- production costs
- fertilizer application
- stocking rate
- nitrogen
- phosphorus
- application rates
- Texas
- grazing
- stocking density
- manure
- nutrient losses
- nitrogen
- phosphorus
- economics
- Library Collection RecordConsumption of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var glandulosa) fruit by ruminants is an important component of seed dispersal. Two experiments were conducted to estimate the role of livestock and…Publication Date 2003-05-01
- wildlife
- seed dispersal
- Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa
- viability
- weathering
- seed predation
- seed maturation
- seeds
- feces
- digestibility
- sheep
- goats
- cattle
- Texas
- range management
- Prosopis
- germination
- digestion
- fecal dispersal
- phenology
- encroachment
- Library Collection RecordChanges in soil nutrient pools and microbial activity due to fire are important for understanding the availability of nutrients to plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of…Publication Date 2003-05-01
- Actinomycetales
- Paspalum quadrifarium
- soil bacteria
- carbon
- soil nutrient dynamics
- Paspalum
- grasslands
- soil fertility
- fire ecology
- nitrogen
- prescribed burning
- phosphorus
- biomass
- range management
- seasonal variation
- Argentina
- Paspalum quadrifarium
- fire
- microbial biomass
- soil nutrients
- flooding pampa
- Library Collection RecordScaled quail (Callipepla squamata) numbers were evaluated during and after a 2-year drought period using strip census techniques on 2 pastures in late seral rangeland ecological condition and 2…Publication Date 2003-07-01
- Callipepla
- population size
- Callipepla squamata
- game birds
- seral stages
- vegetation cover
- wildlife habitats
- arid lands
- ecological succession
- pastures
- grazing intensity
- biomass
- drought
- plant litter
- New Mexico
- upland game birds
- wildlife
- arid lands
- cattle grazing
- rangelands
- Library Collection RecordThe sustainability and resilience of an Asian typical steppe grazing ecosystem was assessed by determining thresholds and stable states with an ecosystem simulation model. This analysis used the…Publication Date 2003-07-01
- sustainable agriculture
- grazing management
- ecological resilience
- permanent grasslands
- primary productivity
- simulation models
- herbaceous plants
- roots
- arid lands
- savannas
- stocking rate
- China
- precipitation
- grazing intensity
- shrubs
- biomass
- grazing management
- modeling
- thresholds
- sustainability and resilience
- typical steppe
- inner Mongolia
- Library Collection RecordMonitoring processes that affect plant population dynamics and determine community structure is central in forest restoration ecology. To study effects of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and elk (…Publication Date 2003-07-01
- artificial regeneration
- flowering
- Cervus elaphus nelsoni
- Ceanothus
- Ceanothus fendleri
- forest thinning
- understory
- plant morphology
- Pinus ponderosa
- branches
- Odocoileus hemionus
- biomass
- browsing
- Arizona
- ecological restoration
- Ceanothus fendleri
- stem morphology
- flower production
- Cervus elaphus
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Library Collection RecordWildfires commonly occur in the Fescue Prairie of Alberta, but little information exists to provide a basis for making grazing recommendations after burning. A wildfire in April 1999 provided an…Publication Date 2003-07-01
- seasonal development
- flowering
- grazing management
- Festuca altaica
- primary productivity
- harvest date
- Festuca campestris
- fire ecology
- Alberta
- tillering
- precipitation
- biomass
- range management
- defoliation
- defoliation intensity
- deferment
- etiolated growth
- herbage yields
- resilience
- tillers
- Library Collection RecordNative grasslands are a sink for atmospheric CO2 sequestration, but ways for extending site-specific CO2 flux measurements to a regional scale are lacking. Objectives of this study were to determine…Publication Date 2003-07-01
- carbon sequestration
- biogeochemical cycles
- evapotranspiration
- remote sensing
- carbon dioxide
- leaf area index
- vegetation
- precipitation
- shrubs
- semiarid zones
- prairies
- biomass
- range management
- seasonal variation
- botanical composition
- grazing
- North Dakota
- global carbon cycle
- rangelands
- Bowen ratio
- remote sensing
- sequestration
- Library Collection RecordIn many riparian corridors of the semi-arid west, stream incision has resulted in lowered water tables, basin big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata var. tridentata Nutt.) encroachment and the loss of…Publication Date 2003-07-01
- Lupinus argenteus
- soil nutrients
- soil enzymes
- Artemisia tridentata var. tridentata
- Carex douglasii
- semiarid soils
- soil organic matter
- enzyme activity
- soil depth
- ash
- nutrient content
- water table
- riparian areas
- Carex
- grasslands
- soil pH
- fire ecology
- prescribed burning
- Artemisia tridentata
- semiarid zones
- land restoration
- biomass
- plant litter
- Nevada
- invasive species
- restoration
- riparian ecosystems
- water table depth
- Library Collection RecordBeaked hazel (Corylus cornuta Marsh) dominates the understory of many Boreal Mixedwood forests in central Alberta including those in Elk Island National Park, where this species demonstrates a high…Publication Date 2003-09-01
- Corylus cornuta
- stem elongation
- exclosures
- vegetation cover
- understory
- browse plants
- plant morphology
- plant growth
- Alberta
- herbivores
- plant density
- biomass
- canopy
- browsing
- wildlife food habits
- boreal forests
- browsing release
- Corylus cornuta
- current annual growth
- exclosures
- shrub morphology
- Library Collection RecordSquirreltail (Elymus elymoides, E. multisetus) is a complex of 5 taxa whose systematic interrelationships are uncertain. Our objectives were to determine whether the 3 taxa studied here, Elymus…Publication Date 2003-09-01
- Elymus elymoides subsp. brevifolius
- plant taxonomy
- growth traits
- Elymus multisetus
- Elymus elymoides subsp. elymoides
- population ecology
- provenance
- ecotypes
- plant development
- geographical variation
- leaves
- conservation plants
- height
- seedling emergence
- seed productivity
- shoots
- root systems
- Idaho
- Oregon
- Wyoming
- California
- biomass
- phenology
- Montana
- Nevada
- Colorado
- Elymus elymoides
- genetic variation
- plant nutecology
- Sitanion hystrix
- Library Collection RecordCommunity-level (per unit area) and individual tiller reproductive biomass inside and outside of long-term exclosures on the northern winter range of Yellowstone National Park, USA were compared.…Publication Date 2003-09-01
- Yellowstone National Park
- bison
- seed productivity
- Cervus elaphus
- winter
- Antilocapra americana
- tillering
- Wyoming
- grazing intensity
- biomass
- botanical composition
- rangelands
- defoliation
- literature reviews
- grasses
- grasslands
- ungulates
- grazing
- clipping
- seed production and yield
- Yellowstone National Park
- literature reviews
- Library Collection RecordAeration is a common range management technique used in southern Texas and northern Mexico to reduce shrub cover and increase biomass of more palatable forages. Guajillo (Acacia berlandieri Benth.)…Publication Date 2003-09-01
- rolling
- phenethylamines
- tyramine
- N-methyl-phenethylamine
- juvenile stems
- mature stems
- leaves
- deserts
- Acacia berlandieri
- stems
- browse plants
- weed control
- regrowth
- Texas
- seasonal variation
- browsing
- chemical constituents of plants
- Acacia berlandieri
- Chihuahuan Desert
- forage quality
- Mexico
- nitrogen
- tyramine
- Library Collection RecordPalatability of shrub sprouts to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Raf.) differs among species, which causes selective browsing and can shift shrub species composition to dominance by less…Publication Date 2003-11-01
- sprouts
- shrublands
- brush control
- palatability
- Texas
- botanical composition
- wildlife food habits
- Acacia rigidula
- blackbrush acacia
- brush management
- Celtis pallida
- spiny hackberry
- white-tailed deer
- Library Collection RecordSeveral studies have examined the impact of woody plant (i.e., brush) management efforts on mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) cover and associated ecological impacts, but little research has been…Publication Date 2003-11-01
- Prosopis glandulosa
- spatial variation
- brush control
- herbicides
- mortality
- spatial distribution
- Texas
- canopy
- brush management
- clopyralid
- spatial pattern analysis
- GIS and remote sensing
- semiarid rangelands
- Library Collection RecordWet meadows are some of the most productive communities in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA but are also among the most sensitive to grazing by native ungulates and domestic livestock. These meadows…Publication Date 2003-11-01
- wet environmental conditions
- flooded conditions
- permanent grasslands
- plant growth
- tillers
- Wyoming
- biomass
- flooding
- tufted hairgrass
- herbivory
- nitrogen dynamics
- wet meadows
- Library Collection RecordKnowledge of the relationship between stocking rate or grazing intensity and plant production is fundamental to the sustainable management of rangelands. The general management paradigm is that plant…Publication Date 2004-03-01
- grazing intensity
- mixed prairie
- biomass
- composition
- Library Collection RecordThis paper presents a comparative simulation analysis of the economics of prescribed fire and aerially applied root-killing herbicide treatment as methods for maintaining livestock productivity on…Publication Date 2001-09-01
- livestock numbers
- carrying capacity
- Prosopis glandulosa
- cost analysis
- cost-benefit analysis
- brush control
- herbicides
- chemical control
- prescribed burning
- Texas
- wildlife management
- grazing
- brush management
- bioeconomics
- natural resource accounting
- prescribed burning
- root-killing herbicide
- Library Collection RecordLarge areas of rangelands in the east Mediterranean Basin are dominated by dense cover of the unpalatable, dwarf shrub prickly burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach.). This study examined the…Publication Date 2001-09-01
- Sarcopoterium spinosum
- chalk grasslands
- Mediterranean grassland
- NPK fertilizers
- Israel
- cultural control
- ground cover
- brush control
- chemical control
- prescribed burning
- biomass
- range management
- forage
- shrub encroachment
- Mediterranean ecosystem
- fertilization
- fire
- range improvement
- Sarcopoterium spinosum
- Library Collection RecordRiparian areas link streams with their terrestrial catchments and decrease water pollution by trapping sediments from upland sources before they reach streams or lakes. Livestock grazing in riparian…Publication Date 2001-09-01
- mountain soils
- bioallethrin
- drainage
- water flow resistance
- terrain
- channels
- soil organic matter
- soil density
- riparian grasslands
- overland flow
- runoff
- rainfall simulators
- grazing intensity
- plant density
- biomass
- plant litter
- bulk density
- Colorado
- soil water
- runoff
- stem density
- microchannels
- sinuosity
- drainage density
- rainfall simulation
- Library Collection RecordKnowledge of the rate woody plant canopy cover increases is essential for understanding the ecology of rangeland plant communities, determining the economic feasibility of brush management practices…Publication Date 2001-09-01
- aerial photography
- chaining
- grubbing
- Juniperus pinchotii
- carrying capacity
- soil types
- brush control
- rain
- biomass production
- grazing intensity
- Texas
- canopy
- forage
- Juniperus pinchotii
- mechanical brush control
- aerial photography
- line transects
- juniper management
- herbage production
- Library Collection RecordThe amount and temporal distribution of precipitation received is of critical importance for regrowth and plant production on rangelands. The effects of drought in the autumn, and spring/summer, as…Publication Date 2001-09-01
- Turkey (country)
- Festuca ovina
- autumn
- ground cover
- semiarid grasslands
- temporal variation
- rain
- water-use efficiency
- spring
- regrowth
- crude protein
- drought injury
- biomass production
- semiarid zones
- drought
- botanical composition
- rangelands
- canopy
- grasses
- Festuca ovina
- water use efficiency (WUE)
- biomass
- botanical composition
- protein
- Library Collection RecordChanging landowner demographics and the increasing recognition that some quantity of woody plants is valuable for certain rangeland management objectives has led to increasing interest in selective…Publication Date 2001-11-01
- control methods
- innovation adoption
- U.S. Cooperative Extension Service
- extension agents
- information dissemination
- extension education
- Juniperus ashei
- geographical variation
- Opuntia
- Juniperus pinchotii
- Prosopis glandulosa
- landowners
- brush control
- herbicides
- weed control
- chemical control
- Texas
- agency and industry partnership
- brush management
- collaborative marketing
- information dissemination
- technology adoption
- Library Collection RecordPresence of invading annual bromes (Bromus spp.) can alter seasonal patterns of forage production and quality and require management changes for efficient use of infested rangelands in the Northern…Publication Date 2001-11-01
- Bromus japonicus
- Poa secunda
- atrazine
- arid grasslands
- liveweight gain
- weed control
- Bromus tectorum
- stocking rate
- forbs
- steers
- crude protein
- Bouteloua gracilis
- precipitation
- biomass production
- biomass
- range management
- introduced species
- Montana
- plant competition
- Bromus japonicus
- Pascopyrum smithii
- northern Great Plains
- standing crop
- forage quality
- Library Collection RecordPresence of annual bromes (Bromus spp.), introduced annual weedy grasses, can alter seasonal patterns of forage production and quality and require management changes for efficient use of infested…Publication Date 2001-11-01
- protein
- dietary protein
- Bromus japonicus
- atrazine
- arid grasslands
- protein content
- liveweight gain
- weed control
- selective grazing
- diet
- steers
- precipitation
- biomass
- range management
- crop yield
- introduced species
- grazing
- beef cattle
- forage
- Bromus japonicus
- Pascopyrum smithii
- northern Great Plains
- crude protein yield
- Library Collection RecordExcessive cover of juniper (Juniperus pinchotii Sudw.) reduces forage production, interferes with livestock management, and diminishes the watershed and wildlife habitat values of rangelands. We…Publication Date 2001-11-01
- basal area
- Juniperus pinchotii
- Bouteloua curtipendula
- Buchloe dactyloides
- Hilaria mutica
- soil temperature
- Prosopis glandulosa
- soil fertility
- invasion
- weed control
- seedlings
- growth rate
- Texas
- botanical composition
- plant competition
- canopy
- plant height
- competition
- facilitation
- mesquite rangeland
- seedling establishment
- Library Collection RecordA revegetation techniques study was initiated during the fall of 1976 in northwestern Colorado in a disturbed sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) community. The study included 2 irrigation…Publication Date 2001-11-01
- seed mixtures
- irrigated conditions
- plant introduction
- sowing
- sown grasslands
- semiarid grasslands
- stand establishment
- species diversity
- ecological succession
- forbs
- Artemisia tridentata
- plant communities
- shrubs
- land restoration
- application rates
- fertilizer
- biomass
- introduced species
- botanical composition
- grasses
- Colorado
- seeding
- seed mixtures
- fertilization
- irrigation
- succession
- reclamation
- restoration
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of salt stress on growth and development of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) were investigated in 2 greenhouse studies. The first study assessed developmental and physiological responses…Publication Date 2002-01-01
- dry matter partioning
- salt tolerance
- leaf area
- weed biology
- stomatal conductance
- roots
- ratios
- genetic variation
- shoots
- soil salinity
- Bromus tectorum
- photosynthesis
- growth
- biomass
- introduced species
- biomass partitioning
- Bromus tectorum
- intraspecific variation
- developmental response
- root growth
- photosynthetic rates
- population differences
- salt stress
- stomatal conductance
- Library Collection RecordPhreatophytes are trees and shrubs with deep roots tapping the water tables. As such they are presumed to be able to tolerate a water deficit in the top soil. Growth of some phreatophytes is…Publication Date 2002-01-01
- Tamarix gallica
- weed biology
- diurnal variation
- stomatal conductance
- drought tolerance
- carbon dioxide
- root systems
- photosynthesis
- gas exchange
- precipitation
- xylem water potential
- semiarid zones
- Texas
- introduced species
- phreatophytes
- water relations
- gas exchange
- drought tolerance
- Tamarix gallica L.
- Library Collection RecordPerennial forage grasses in the Northern Great Plains are often grazed under water-limiting conditions. The effects of defoliation and soil moisture dynamics on herbage yield, tiller recruitment and…Publication Date 2002-01-01
- axillary buds
- grazing tolerance
- buds
- Elytrigia intermedia subsp. intermedia
- Psathyrostachys juncea
- tolerance
- species differences
- tillering
- tillers
- biomass production
- introduced species
- defoliation
- soil water
- water stress
- Psathyrostachys juncea
- (Thinopyrum intermedium)
- biomass
- Tiller recruitment
- axillary buds
- Library Collection RecordInformed management of large herbivores depends largely on how well habitat availability and suitability are understood. The aims of the study were to quantify and map the distribution of sour and…Publication Date 2002-03-01
- game reserves
- sourveld
- mixed veld
- game animals
- mapping
- habitat selection
- habitats
- satellite imagery
- multispectral imagery
- South Africa
- veld
- natural grasslands
- plant communities
- wildlife management
- biomass
- botanical composition
- wildlife
- GIS
- remote sensing
- Landsat
- ground-truthing
- Library Collection RecordA 3-year study was conducted to evaluate grazing strategies for production of growing cattle during summer on Northern Great Plains rangeland. Crossbred yearling steers (N = 123 per year, avg initial…Publication Date 2002-03-01
- liveweight gain
- body weight
- fiber content
- stocking rate
- steers
- crude protein
- natural grasslands
- summer
- precipitation
- grazing intensity
- in vitro digestibility
- biomass
- botanical composition
- Montana
- beef cattle
- forage
- grazing management
- beef cattle
- protein supplementation
- Library Collection RecordThe Mixed Prairie plant communities developed with the influences of fire and grazing. Available evidence suggests that removal of these disturbances could cause succession toward a more mesic type…Publication Date 2002-05-01
- A horizons
- carbon
- chernozemic soils
- solonetzic soils
- soil depth
- species diversity
- range condition
- Alberta
- nitrogen
- phosphorus
- pH
- grazing intensity
- soil chemistry
- prairies
- biomass
- plant litter
- botanical composition
- soil water
- soil nitrogen
- soil depth
- botanical composition
- plant biomass
- plant nitrogen
- Library Collection RecordSteer nutritional response to vegetation conditions created by 4 grazing treatments was evaluated during the final 2 years (1987-88) of a 9-year grazing trial. Treatments were season-long stocking (…Publication Date 2002-05-01
- nutrient density
- dietary protein
- controlled grazing
- cell wall components
- Kansas
- liveweight gain
- continuous grazing
- shortgrass prairie
- fiber content
- stocking rate
- steers
- digestibility
- precipitation
- grazing intensity
- prairies
- biomass
- seasonal variation
- beef cattle
- feed intake
- grazing systems
- beef cattle
- stockers
- diet quality
- forage intake
- Library Collection RecordUnderstanding the interacting effects of drought and grazing on runoff, erosion, and nutrient transport is essential for improved rangeland management. Research was conducted at the Fort Keogh…Publication Date 2002-05-01
- prairies
- water quality
- biomass
- losses from soil
- drought
- sediment yield
- range management
- seasonal variation
- Montana
- erosion
- sediment yield
- nutrient transport
- Great Plains
- Library Collection RecordIn 1992 and 1993, pastures of WW-Spar Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum L.) were maintained at 2 levels of soil water, rainfall and rainfall plus 25 mm/week of supplementary irrigation. At…Publication Date 2002-05-01
- irrigated conditions
- irrigated pastures
- leaves
- ratios
- stems
- continuous grazing
- Bothriochloa ischaemum
- rain
- leaf area index
- steers
- tillering
- grazing intensity
- plant density
- Texas
- biomass
- plant height
- soil water
- Bothriochloa ischaemum
- continuous variable stocking
- herbage allowance