Rangeland Ecology & Management
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- Library Collection RecordWe developed and used association matrix, association pattern, and pattern recognition software (ASSOC1) to investigate the spatio-temporal association of individual radio-collared elk with other…Publication Date 2001-01-01
- herds
- home range
- territory
- computer software
- temporal variation
- Cervus elaphus canadensis
- spatial distribution
- wildlife management
- Montana
- elk
- wildlife
- herds
- home range
- similarity
- Library Collection RecordSpotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) is a non-indigenous weed that has invaded millions of hectares of rangeland in the United States. Mowing may be useful for reducing this weed. Our objective…Publication Date 2001-01-01
- flowering
- mowing
- timing
- autumn
- weed control
- rain
- seedlings
- cutting frequency
- spring
- summer
- plant density
- Centaurea maculosa
- biomass
- plant litter
- introduced species
- Montana
- invasive species
- canopy
- grasses
- Centaurea maculosa
- density
- cover
- weed control
- Library Collection RecordIntroducing and establishing competitive plants is essential for the successful management of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) infested rangeland where a desirable understory is absent. Our…Publication Date 2001-03-01
- sowing date
- Elytrigia intermedia subsp. intermedia
- herbicide mixtures
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- cultural control
- clopyralid
- Psathyrostachys juncea
- glyphosate
- stand establishment
- plant density
- picloram
- Centaurea maculosa
- application rates
- range management
- Montana
- invasive species
- rehabilitation
- weed management
- reseeding
- seedling establishment
- Library Collection RecordCholla cactus may serve as an emergency feedstuff for livestock when forage availability is low. A study was conducted at the Corona Range and Livestock Research Center to evaluate the nutritive…Publication Date 2001-05-01
- processing technology
- spines
- opuntia imbricata
- moisture content
- organic matter
- burning
- leaves
- cows
- mineral content
- stems
- estimation
- fiber content
- feeds
- digestibility
- crude protein
- rumen fermentation
- nutritive value
- livestock
- New Mexico
- forage
- dry matter
- drought forages
- mineral content
- emergency feeding
- Library Collection RecordDrought and herbivory frequently influence North American rangelands. While these influences may temporarily reduce vegetative cover, their mutual influence on the available seedbanks which might…Publication Date 2001-05-01
- rooting depth
- plant development
- soil depth
- seed banks
- roots
- seedling emergence
- plant communities
- seed germination
- drought
- Montana
- rangelands
- browsing
- grazing
- water stress
- minirhizotron
- northern mixed-grass prairie
- seed banks
- Library Collection RecordStrategic supplement placement has been shown to be an effective tool to lure cattle to underutilized rangeland. The goal of this study was to determine where cattle grazed when supplement was placed…Publication Date 2001-07-01
- molasses
- global positioning systems
- sloping land
- spatial variation
- water availability
- pastures
- feed supplements
- spatial distribution
- cattle
- Montana
- rangelands
- grazing
- grasses
- distribution
- grazing
- behavior
- utilization
- Library Collection RecordAlthough recognized in importance from the dawn of history, forages have too often been underestimated and undervalued perhaps in part because animal performance has frequently failed to reflect…Publication Date 2001-07-01
- plant diseases and disorders
- immune response
- morbidity
- animal health
- sexual reproduction
- antinutritional factors
- Festuca arundinacea
- nutritional status
- toxicity
- mineral content
- economic analysis
- liveweight gain
- mortality
- adaptation
- animal behavior
- secondary metabolites
- digestibility
- insect pests
- nutritive value
- literature reviews
- livestock
- forage
- feed intake
- chemical constituents of plants
- nutrition
- animal health
- performance
- forage quality
- toxins
- Library Collection RecordPlant growth depends upon C, H, O, and at least 13 mineral elements. Six of these (N, K, Ca, Mg, P, and S) macro-elements normally occur in plants at concentrations greater than 1,000 mg kg(-1) level…Publication Date 2001-07-01
- silicon
- animal health
- sulfur
- nickel
- nutrient-nutrient interactions
- nutrient content
- mineral content
- nutrient availability
- sodium
- nitrogen
- potassium
- trace elements
- phosphorus
- magnesium
- calcium
- mineral nutrition
- literature reviews
- livestock
- forage
- mineral interaction
- mineral requirements
- mineral nutrients
- ruminant diets
- Library Collection RecordJapanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.) and downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), introduced annuals, have invaded many northern mixed-prairie plant communities. This study determined the effect of…Publication Date 1998-11-01
- density
- interspecific competition
- Bromus japonicus
- ambient temperature
- rain
- Bromus tectorum
- weight
- Pascopyrum smithii
- tillering
- tillers
- biomass
- Montana
- grazing
- forage
- Library Collection RecordJapanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.) has invaded many northern mixed prairie communities. Understanding how defoliation affects the life cycle or this species is critical for proper grazing…Publication Date 1999-07-01
- greenhouse production
- cutting height
- Bromus japonicus
- annuals
- leaves
- height
- shoots
- water availability
- root systems
- weed control
- cutting frequency
- tillering
- tillers
- climatic zones
- biomass
- plant litter
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordThis research addresses the hypothesis that grazing intensity during and following drought can dramatically alter community level, post-drought recovery patterns. Research was conducted during the…Publication Date 1999-09-01
- warm-season grasses
- cool-season grasses
- timing
- annuals
- perennials
- precipitation
- biomass production
- grazing intensity
- prairies
- drought
- Montana
- rangelands
- grasses
- forage
- soil water
- Library Collection RecordThe objective of this study was to compare intermediate wheatgrass establishment at 4 seeding rates, in combination with tillage and/or glyphosate (n-phosphomethyl glyine), in spotted knapweed…Publication Date 1999-01-01
- cultivation
- Elytrigia intermedia subsp. intermedia
- glyphosate
- crop-weed competition
- stand establishment
- sowing rates
- plant density
- Centaurea maculosa
- biomass
- introduced species
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordPreventing the invasion of uninfested rangeland is central to managing spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.). Intensity, frequency, and season of grass defoliation determine the ability of…Publication Date 1999-11-01
- cutting height
- Festuca idahoensis
- ground cover
- cutting frequency
- tillering
- plant density
- Centaurea maculosa
- biomass
- range management
- introduced species
- Montana
- plant competition
- Library Collection RecordA study was conducted in foothill rangelands during the fall to determine if livestock grazing distribution could be improved by strategic placement of dehydrated molasses supplement blocks (30%…Publication Date 1999-11-01
- terrain
- salt licks
- molasses
- weather
- hill grasslands
- protein content
- liveweight gain
- body weight
- slope
- feed supplements
- spatial distribution
- biomass
- Montana
- grazing
- beef cattle
- plant height
- Library Collection RecordSpotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) is a non-indigenous weed infesting large areas of rangeland in western North America. Life history models have been used to identify key processes…Publication Date 1998-11-01
- rosettes
- population growth
- seed development
- plant development
- life cycle
- simulation models
- seed banks
- ambient temperature
- weed control
- rain
- seedlings
- Centaurea maculosa
- Montana
- maturity stage
- Library Collection RecordField studies were conducted in 2 types of grasslands in the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range of northern Wyoming and southern Montana to examine plant biomass production and nitrogen responses to the…Publication Date 1999-05-01
- mesic grasslands
- irrigated conditions
- controlled release
- NPK fertilizers
- arid grasslands
- competitive ability
- grasslands
- irrigation
- cutting frequency
- biomass production
- Wyoming
- nitrogen content
- Montana
- grasses
- Library Collection RecordHerbicidal control of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) on rangeland in the western United States has been most effective using residual herbicides, such as picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-…Publication Date 1999-09-01
- 2,4-D
- application timing
- weed control
- nitrogen fertilizers
- forbs
- plant density
- Centaurea maculosa
- application rates
- biomass
- range management
- introduced species
- Montana
- invasive species
- grasses
- maturity stage
- Library Collection RecordMule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocolieus virginianus), and pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) use of 6 agricultural land use categories in southeastern Montana were…Publication Date 1997-07-01
- wild animals
- agricultural land
- patterns
- conservation reserve program lands
- habitat selection
- population density
- Odocoileus virginianus
- Antilocapra americana
- Odocoileus hemionus
- seasonal variation
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordSpotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.), an aggressive Eurasian forb, is replacing many native perennial grasses such as Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer.) on foothills of the Northern Rocky…Publication Date 1997-07-01
- Festuca idahoensis
- roots
- carbohydrates
- shoots
- weed control
- biomass production
- sheep
- Centaurea maculosa
- range management
- Montana
- plant competition
- grazing
- chemical constituents of plants
- Library Collection RecordWe tested the hypothesis that nutrient content of bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum [Pursh] Scribn. &Smith) either cattle grazed in the spring, rested from cattle grazing for a full year,…Publication Date 1997-09-01
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- nutrient content
- range condition
- Cervus elaphus
- winter
- rotational grazing
- grazing intensity
- seasonal variation
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordA 1 year survey was developed to identify conflicts and solutions to conflicts between hunters and ranchers. A questionnaire was mailed to randomly selected groups of 1,000 hunters and 989 ranchers…Publication Date 1998-07-01
- questionnaires
- game animals
- all-terrain vehicles
- communication
- boundaries
- surveys
- ranching
- hunting
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordSpotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) has reduced forage production, increased soil erosion, and lowered biodiversity on millions of hectares of rangeland throughout the western United States.…Publication Date 1997-05-01
- plant density
- picloram
- integrated control
- Centaurea maculosa
- application rates
- fertilizer
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordThis 10-year study was designed to evaluate vegetation response to increasing stocking rates under rotational stocking (3 days graze, 51 days rest) and long-term rest. The 4 stocking rate treatments…Publication Date 1997-07-01
- stocking rate
- rotational grazing
- Texas
- range management
- botanical composition
- livestock
- Library Collection RecordFederal and state agencies in several western states now require the use of noxious weed-free or noxious weed seed-free forage to hinder the spread of noxious weeds. Forage can be certified as…Publication Date 1998-03-01
- alfalfa
- alfalfa hay
- alfalfa meal
- barley meal
- pelleting
- Weeds
- seedling emergence
- seeds
- hay
- barley
- seed germination
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordThe perceived economic damage to forage crops in Montana attributed to native ungulates during 1992 was estimated using a mail survey of 2,200 randomly selected farms and ranches. The 1,120…Publication Date 1996-07-01
- farm surveys
- crop damage
- crop losses
- vertebrate pests
- compensation
- hay fields
- haystacks
- fields
- farm size
- Odocoileus virginianus
- pastures
- Antilocapra americana
- hay
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Cervus elaphus canadensis
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordLeafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a noxious weed on rangelands throughout the Northern Great Plains. Most of these ranges are grazed by cattle which do not use leafy spurge as forage. Although…Publication Date 1996-07-01
- profits
- cattle production
- fencing
- farm budgeting
- carrying capacity
- Euphorbia esula
- ranching
- cost-benefit analysis
- stocking rate
- selective grazing
- sheep
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordJapanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.) has invaded many northern mixed-prairie plant communities. Understanding interactions of population dynamics of this and associated species is critical for…Publication Date 1997-01-01
- textural soil types
- Bromus japonicus
- stomatal conductance
- crop-weed competition
- rain
- seedlings
- soil water content
- Pascopyrum smithii
- xylem water potential
- tillers
- biomass
- water relations
- removal
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordMore information about the effects of combining intensive livestock grazing of noxious weeds and associated desirable plants with other control measures is needed to develop effective rangeland weed…Publication Date 1996-07-01
- Euphorbia esula
- Poa pratensis
- rain
- selective grazing
- species differences
- sheep
- cattle
- plant density
- picloram
- biomass
- Montana
- grazing
- feeding preferences
- Library Collection RecordMineral concentrations of range grasses are often below that required by grazing livestock. Limited information is available on forage mineral concentrations for the Northern Great Plains and there…Publication Date 1996-05-01
- plant tissues
- requirements
- silty clay soil
- live tissue
- dead tissue
- silty soils
- zinc
- Cyperaceae
- molybdenum
- nutrient deficiencies
- Bromus japonicus
- mineral content
- loam soils
- clay soils
- rain
- sodium
- Bromus tectorum
- potassium
- forbs
- phosphorus
- magnesium
- calcium
- Poaceae
- Pascopyrum smithii
- seasonal variation
- Montana
- grasses
- forage
- maturity stage
- Library Collection RecordA 10 year study under natural winter conditions at 2 sites tested the hypothesis that mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) forage equally on 4 sagebrush (…Publication Date 1996-11-01
- snow cover
- Cervus elaphus
- winter
- Artemisia tridentata
- Odocoileus hemionus
- browsing damage
- Montana
- feeding preferences
- Library Collection RecordRecreational packhorse grazing is one of many uses of high elevation wildland meadows. We quantified the behavior of horses grazing on an upper timberline meadow in southwestern Montana and the…Publication Date 1996-11-01
- wilderness
- activity sampling
- meadows
- highlands
- horses
- feeding behavior
- forbs
- natural grasslands
- Montana
- grazing
- grasses
- plant height
- Library Collection RecordWe evaluated the impact of packstock grazing on a dry, upper timberline meadow. Horses were picketed on 15 m ropes for different durations, months, and frequencies over 3 summers. Before horse…Publication Date 1996-11-01
- stand density
- environmental impact
- wilderness
- meadows
- ground cover
- highlands
- horses
- grazing experiments
- natural grasslands
- grazing intensity
- plant communities
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordVisitors to the Big Cimarron Watershed in the Uncompahgre National Forest, Colorado, had varying attitudes about cattle grazing. Without cuing, 9% of all visitors listed livestock as a source of…Publication Date 1996-01-01
- public opinion
- visitors
- uncompahgre national forest
- multiple land use
- livestock
- grazing
- Colorado
- Library Collection RecordQuantity and quality of forage produced are primary determinants of level of livestock production derived from grazing lands. Moreover, species composition of herbage is often considered a primary…Publication Date 1995-05-01
- fiber content
- crude protein
- biomass
- botanical composition
- Montana
- grasses
- forage
- Library Collection RecordJapanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.), an alien annual grass, is an important component of some northern mixed-prairie communities. Understanding the relationship between environment and…Publication Date 1994-03-01
- storage
- Bromus japonicus
- photoperiod
- environmental factors
- Oklahoma
- seed germination
- seed dormancy
- temperature
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordJapanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.), an introduced annual grass, is now common in some northern mixed-prairie communities. This species has the potential to alter both the seasonality of…Publication Date 1995-05-01
- night temperature
- Bromus japonicus
- ambient temperature
- seed germination
- introduced species
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordA comparison of the response of varying classes of growing beef cattle to protein supplementation was conducted on Northern Great Plains rangeland during the summer and early fall. Response was…Publication Date 1994-07-01
- protein concentrates
- dietary protein
- body weight
- steers
- digestibility
- feed supplements
- Montana
- rangelands
- beef cattle
- feed intake
- Library Collection RecordWe studied the effect of cattle grazing on shoot density and flux in 4 southwest Montana beaked sedge (Carex rostrata ex With.) stands for 2 years. Forty plots were protected and 40 plots were grazed…Publication Date 1994-01-01
- shoots
- Carex rostrata
- population dynamics
- cattle feeding
- Montana
- defoliation
- grazing
- Library Collection RecordSpotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.), an introduced perennial plant, has invaded large areas of rangeland in the northwestern United States. Grazing animals may disseminate the weed by…Publication Date 1995-03-01
- seed dispersal
- viability
- seedling emergence
- seeds
- transit time
- Odocoileus hemionus
- sheep
- Centaurea maculosa
- seed germination
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordLivestock have been a key factor in the development of civilization, but what will their role be in the future and how should the science of rangeland management change to meet the challenges of the…Publication Date 1995-07-01
- interdisciplinary research
- adverse effects
- environmental impact
- stocking rate
- selective grazing
- rotational grazing
- range management
- defoliation
- literature reviews
- livestock
- grazing
- Library Collection RecordBased on recent circumstances in connection with compensation of livestock killed by large, protected carnivores in Norway, this paper discusses what type of logic should be used to establish which…Publication Date 1994-03-01
- philosophy
- tracks
- argumentation
- proof
- losses
- predation
- Norway
- Ursus arctos
- livestock
- Library Collection RecordUnderstanding the effect of defoliation frequency and N fertilization on plant growth, forage yield, and quality of RS-2, a quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski.] x bluebunch wheat grass […Publication Date 1995-07-01
- ammonium nitrate
- Elytrigia repens
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- hybrids
- irrigation
- cutting frequency
- digestibility
- crude protein
- growth rate
- Montana
- grasses
- Library Collection RecordThirteen grazing studies have recently documented diet botanical composition of cattle in tall forb plant communities on mountain rangelands. In forb-dominated plant communities, cattle selected…Publication Date 1992-11-01
- grazing trials
- mountain grasslands
- cattle feeding
- plant communities
- diets
- botanical composition
- Montana
- rangelands
- grazing
- forage
- feeding preferences
- Library Collection RecordSpotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) is a noxious plant that has invaded many native ranges in the Northern Intermountain Region. Although the use of livestock to control knapweed is…Publication Date 1992-07-01
- shade
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- cultural control
- light relations
- competitive ability
- light
- weed control
- regrowth
- Poaceae
- Centaurea maculosa
- Montana
- plant competition
- defoliation
- grazing
- Library Collection RecordImpacts of 7 range treatments and climate on late spring herbage standing crops (SC) were measured in rangelands near Miles City, Mont., from 1983 to 1990. Treatments, established in 8 pastures at 2…Publication Date 1993-07-01
- ambient temperature
- rain
- pastures
- biomass production
- range management
- Montana
- Library Collection RecordPonderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson) needles cause abortions in pregnant cows. We examined pine needle consumption by cattle in 2 trials in eastern Montana. Trial 1 compared pregnant and open cows…Publication Date 1993-09-01
- pregnancy
- abortion
- cows
- Pinus ponderosa
- grazing behavior
- Montana
- browsing
- feeding preferences
- poisonous plants
- Library Collection RecordIncreasing populations of big game animals are a problem for private landowners in some parts of western North America. Influence of bit game costs, hunting-related income, noneconomic benefits, size…Publication Date 1993-01-01
- crop damage
- game animals
- private ownership
- yield losses
- costs and returns
- surveys
- population density
- hunting
- Odocoileus virginianus
- Antilocapra americana
- Odocoileus hemionus
- Cervus elaphus canadensis
- wildlife management
- crop yield
- Montana
- rangelands
- forage
- Library Collection RecordA 3-year field study was conducted near Grassrange, Montana. (Latitude 46 degrees 50'N and Longitude 108 degrees 50'W) to determine the effect of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) shoot…Publication Date 1992-07-01
- Euphorbia esula
- weed control
- chemical control
- pastures
- grazing behavior
- cattle
- plant density
- picloram
- Montana
- forage
- Library Collection RecordFrom September 1987 through September 1988, the Northern Great Plains near Miles City, Mont., received 31% of the long-term average precipitation. We monitored the impact of the hot, dry conditions…Publication Date 1992-07-01
- heat tolerance
- stress response
- crop losses
- Psathyrostachys juncea
- Agropyron desertorum
- drought tolerance
- mortality
- regrowth
- drought
- Montana
- pasture plants
- water stress
- Library Collection RecordMultiparous cows (n = 91, 1986; n = 92, 1987) were selected from 2 populations to obtain cattle with high and low milk production. After March-April calving, high and low producing cows grazed either…Publication Date 1993-11-01
- sown grasslands
- body condition
- milk yield
- pastures
- beef cows
- Montana
- grazing