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Human impacts have dramatically altered the structure and composition of many communities often resulting in new or novel states that are difficult (and potentially impossible) to reverse.  New ecosystem states may be irreversible once biotic and abiotic thresholds have been crossed. Artesian spring wetlands are rare vegetation communities restricted to areas of natural discharge from the Great Artesian Basin, south eastern Australia.  Human impacts on disturbance regimes and hydrology have dramatically altered the structure and ecosystem function of these wetland communities.  We explore the recovery potential of these communities by examining biotic and abiotic constraints to restoration. ...