Differences in seasonal photoperiodic patterns associated with different global latitudes have exerted profound influences through the ages on perennial plant adaptation and the evolution of latitudinal ecosystems. These influences were of little significance when plants continued to grow in the geographic area where they had evolved. However, with artificial movement of plants, the practical significance of latitudinal adaptation must be recognized in modern-day uses of perennials in northern latitudes including field-crop production, landscape horticulture, forestry, and revegetation.
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