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This article gives a brief background to the problems of poplar box and shrub regrowth in south-western Queensland as seen by a primary producer who was concerned with them, and sets out the two-part research programme that was initiated by the senior author in the early 1960s to produce answers to these problems. The management objective of the primary producer in the poplar box lands is to reduce the production of trees and woody shrubs, and increase production of the herbaceous layers under them. The range of techniques which are used to produce more herbage include tree felling, thinning of the woody layers, cultivation,