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This technical bulletin titled “Rangeland resource monitoring and vegetation condition scoring” is the 26th in a series produced by the Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program (ESGPIP). The ESGPIP is a USAID funded Project with the objective of improving the productivity of sheep and goats in Ethiopia. Vegetation, livestock, wildlife and their products are major rangeland resources in Ethiopia. Understanding of how the various environmental factors affect rangeland vegetation is crucial to successful rangeland management. The environment  is the basic determinant of the nature and productivity of rangeland eco-systems. Physical environmental factors, which include climate, topography and soil, determine the potential of rangeland to support certain types and levels of land use. Within the limits set by this potential, the influence of fire and biological environmental factors (grazing, tree cutting and shifting cultivation) results in different types of vegetations and levels of productivity. This technical bulletin deals with resource inventory/monitoring and also vegetation condition scoring. The information contained in this bulletin is believed to be useful for development agents to evaluate range condition and advise pastoralists on appropriate measures.