Rangeland Ecology & Management
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- Library Collection RecordFive exclosures were established in a frequently burned, infertile, wiregrass (Aristida stricta) dominated, flatwoods range in south Florida to evaluate range improvement by deferred grazing. There…Publication Date 1969
- Aristida stricta
- Florida flatwoods range
- range condition
- species composition
- Wiregrass
- Library Collection RecordWhile herbivory probably is a natural part of all terrestrial ecosystems, livestock herbivory is not a natural part of California natural ecosystems. Livestock behavior does not mimic that of either…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- ungulates
- plant communities
- California
- alien livestock
- livestock impacts
- mammalian herbivores
- natural ecosystems
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordOwensby et al. examined the effects of increasing the stocking rate on intensive-early stocked pastures, in the Flint Hills of Kansas, by applying stocking rates that were 2, 2.5, and 3 times the…Publication Date 1969
- Andropogon gerardii
- Andropogon scoparius
- stocking rate
- big bluestem
- grazing system
- little bluestem
- livestock gain
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordCattle gains and vegetation measurements on Kansas shortgrass prairie under intensive-early stocking management were compared to season-long (SLS) grazing management at the normal stocking density,…Publication Date 1969
- beef cattle
- weight gain
- grazing system
- Native Range
- species composition
- stockers
- Library Collection RecordThis study on the Isle Royale National Park inferred how moose (Alces alces) and beaver (Castor canadensis) affect current and future landscape patterns. About 40% of the bites by moose in both…Publication Date 1969
- moose
- browsing
- Alces alces
- beaver
- Castor canadensis
- Forage Preference
- Isle Royal National Park
- species composition
- tree-cutting
- Library Collection RecordMultiple regression analyses were performed on worldwide 236-site data set compiled from studies that compared species composition, aboveground net primary production (ANPP), root biomass, and soil…Publication Date 1969
- herbivory
- soil organic matter
- abiotic controls
- aboveground net primary production
- dominant species and growth forms
- evolutionary history of grazing
- grazing intensity and duration
- rangeland condition and trend
- root mass vs. grazing
- shrub invasion
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordThis study determined the salinity, chironomid density, biomass, and species composition in ponds on a freshwater marsh, an undamaged supratidal marsh, and a marsh degraded by lesser snow goose (…Publication Date 1969
- Anser caerulescens caerulescens
- chironomid biomass
- freshwater marsh
- habitat degradation
- lesser snow goose
- salt marsh
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordIn this study, the effects of redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchotii) on species composition and biomass production of the herbaceous layer were evaluated for 3 years on an ungrazed site and a site…Publication Date 1969
- biomass production
- Juniperus pinchotii
- recovery from grazing
- redberry juniper
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordIn this riparian study, authors examined the treatments of aeration, nitrogen addition, revegetation and clipping to determine vegetation response and to increase understanding of grazing effects.…Publication Date 1969
- aeration
- revegetation
- clipping
- Nitrogen addition
- species composition
- water tables
- Library Collection RecordIn this study, LeCain et al. measured the effects of light and heavy grazing on carbon exchange, soil respiration and vegetation characteristics, in the Wyoming mixed-grass prairie. Seasonal…Publication Date 1969
- grazing intensity
- productivity
- photosynthesis
- soil respiration
- seasonal fluctuations
- soil carbon
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordKotler et al. looked at the effects of cover on the abundance and structure of rodent communities in northeastern Kansas. The study consisted of four plots, each being 0.81 ha in size: two control…Publication Date 1969
- mowing
- predation
- deer mouse
- prairie vole
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordSeed bank density and species composition were compared among ungrazed pastures and pastures managed with continuous heavy or moderate deferred rotational grazing for 36 years in a Texas desert…Publication Date 1969
- continuous grazing
- deferred rotation grazing
- grazing system
- Hilaria belangeri
- seed densities
- species composition
- succession
- Library Collection RecordKerley and Whitford measured the effects of grazing on the vegetation structure of desert grasslands, and the subsequent effects of vegetation structure changes on populations and seed predation…Publication Date 1969
- ecological impacts
- granivory
- plant community dynamics
- seed predation
- species composition
- succession
- vegetation structure
- Library Collection RecordPrevious researchers have suggested that plant communities in the Chihuahuan Desert area respond quickly and positively to the removal of grazing pressure. In this study, Kelt and Valone determined…Publication Date 1969
- species diversity
- arid southwest
- cattle grazing
- Exclosure
- species composition
- summer and winter ephemerals
- Library Collection RecordKanneganti and Kaffka tested forage availability for daily intake throughout the grazing season with intensive grazing rotation management. Data was collected on herbage dry matter, botanical…Publication Date 1969
- rotational grazing
- Kentucky bluegrass
- Poa pratensis
- forage productivity
- pasture growth rates
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordRalphs et al. determined the impacts of increasing stocking rates on plant species composition and standing crop, under short-duration grazing management, in a Texas mixed-grass prairie. Standing…Publication Date 1969
- forage availability
- frequency
- short-duration grazing
- species composition
- standing crop
- Library Collection RecordHofmann and Ries compared season-of-grazing use of pastures comprised of introduced and cool-season species with pastures comprised of a mix of native warm- and cool-season species with pastures…Publication Date 1969
- liveweight gain
- ground cover
- herbage dry matter
- species composition
- surface-mined land
- warm season species
- Library Collection RecordComposition, growth, and reproduction of Aster ericoides, Ruellia humilis, and Amorpha canescens were measured in pastures that were ungrazed or stocked lightly, moderately, or highly with cattle to…Publication Date 1969
- stocking density
- grazing intensity
- Amorpha canescens
- Aster ericoides
- Ruellia humilis
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of grazing during, or during and after, the season of a drought were determined for eastern Montana grasslands in this study. The results suggested that drought greatly reduced standing…Publication Date 1969
- primary production
- soil water
- baseline data
- ecosystem processes
- species composition
- standing crop
- Library Collection RecordGillen et al. measured relative composition and standing crop in plots grazed continuously or in a rotational grazing system, at varying stocking rates in north-central Oklahoma. Vegetation response…Publication Date 1969
- continuous grazing
- plant succession
- Schizachyrium scoparium
- Andropogon gerardii
- Sorghastrum nutans
- big bluestem
- Indiangrass
- little bluestem
- Rotation Grazing
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordThis Louisiana study was initiated using exclosures to determine whether mammalian herbivory by nutria (Myocastor coypus), muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus), and waterfowl had a measurable impact on the…Publication Date 1969
- Nutria
- Salix nigra
- Louisiana
- herbivory
- Ammania coccinea
- Cyperus difformis
- Eleocharis spp.
- muskrat
- Myocastor coypus
- Ondatra zibethicus
- plant biomass
- Sagittaria latifolia
- species composition
- Sphenoclea zeylandica
- Typha latifolia
- Library Collection RecordAs a whole, grasshopper densities were greater on ungrazed sites compared to grazed sites. Melanoplus sanguinipes and all species of Melanoplinae were greater on ungrazed sites, while Oedipodinae…Publication Date 1969
- Melanoplus sanguinipes
- drought
- Gomphocerinae
- Melanoplinae
- Oedipodinae
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordBy the end of the second growing season in a Rhode Island salt marsh, biomass-removal plots had greater species richness than controls at high elevations (4.6 vs 2.4), while at low elevations,…Publication Date 1969
- biomass removal
- Juncus gerardi
- salt marsh
- species composition
- species richness
- Library Collection RecordIn this 3-year study of the vegetation in 4 livestock exclosures in North Dakota, Brand and Goetz found that the exclosures had greater graminoid leaf heights and greater mulch accumulation than the…Publication Date 1969
- grazing
- Bouteloua gracilis
- blue grama
- Carex filifolia
- Carex heliophila
- livestock exclosures
- Sedge
- species composition
- thread-leaf sedge
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of long-term summer sheep grazing in southwestern Utah were measured in this study by comparing a sheep-grazed pasture to an ungrazed pasture (occasionally grazed by horses/cattle). The…Publication Date 1969
- desirable species
- forbs
- grazing pressure
- natural plant community
- range condition
- relic site
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordBowers measured plant species composition and cover in plots exposed to varying levels of herbivory (no grazing, small rodent grazing, small mammal grazing, and deer grazing) for four years in a…Publication Date 1969
- plant succession
- community colonization
- exclosures
- plant-herbivore interaction
- seed bank
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordThe objective of this 8-year study was to evaluate the ecosystem-level impacts of no-grazing vs. sustained moderate and heavy cattle grazing, in terms of plant species basal cover, density, and…Publication Date 1969
- climactic variation
- grazing pressure
- litter and root decomposition
- mixed grass prairie
- net primary production
- net soil N mineralization
- nitrogen loss
- soil carbon
- soil nitrogen
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordVegetative and cryptogamic crust cover and biomass were measured at ungrazed, previously grazed and presently grazed sites, within and near Grand Canyon National Park. Cryptogamic crust cover and…Publication Date 1969
- grazing intensity
- trampling
- crust biomass
- crust cover
- grazing history
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordSelective grazing by some herbivores can alter pasture species composition, range condition and forage production within and between seasons. In this study, moderate sheep grazing in the fall-winter…Publication Date 1969
- Quercus douglasii
- Blue Oak
- selective grazing
- California annual grassland
- range condition
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordWikeem and Pitt determined utilization and vegetation responses of areas grazed by California bighorn sheep in British Columbia. Bighorn sheep diets consisted mostly of grasses. Although their…Publication Date 1969
- diet composition
- Ovis canadensis californiana
- plant community composition
- plant vigor
- range condition
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of herbivory by waterfowl and nutria were measured because of vegetation loss in Sagittaria spp. dominated marshes along the coast of Louisiana. One set of study plots was set up on…Publication Date 1969
- Nutria
- biomass
- waterfowl
- coastal marsh
- muskrat
- Myocastor coypus
- Ondatra zibethicus
- Sagittaria latifolia
- Sagittaria platyphylla
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordTo estimate lesser snow geese populations and determine the effects of geese herbivory along the Hudson Bay in the Northwest Territories, nesting and population surveys were conducted along with…Publication Date 1969
- Hudson Bay
- Chen caerulescens caerulescens
- fen
- grubbing
- lesser snow geese
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordDuring the summer of 1985, the effects of browsing by beaver were studied at two beaver ponds in Minnesota (46°50’N, 92°11’W). Pond one (colonized from 1980-1985) was located on a…Publication Date 1969
- Trembling aspen
- Populus tremuloides
- biomass
- beaver
- beaver ponds
- Castor canadensis
- selective herbivory
- species composition
- stem diameter
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of grazing on vegetation and soils were examined in two different ecosystems, the sagebrush steppe in the northwestern United States and the Patagonia steppe located in southern Argentina…Publication Date 1969
- consumption
- grazing
- primary production
- Aridity gradients
- ecosystem structure and function
- generalist herbivores
- graminoid nutritional quality
- Patagonia
- plant traits
- sagebrush steppe
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordRange condition, vegetation production, composition, and cover were compared between lightly and moderately grazed rangelands in the Chihuahuan Desert in southwestern New Mexico to determine if these…Publication Date 1969
- stocking rate
- livestock
- range management
- utilization
- arid lands
- range condition
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of excluding grazing by lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) on the salt marsh at La Perouse Bay, Manitoba on species composition, live standing crop and plant litter have…Publication Date 1969
- grazing
- Anser caerulescens caerulescens
- Carex subspathacea
- exclosures
- lesser snow geese
- Plantago maritima
- Potentilla egedii
- Puccinellia phryganodes
- salt marsh
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordThe impacts of light and moderate cattle grazing on vegetative cover and species composition in areas surrounding cold-water springs on three watersheds on the Sierra Foothill Research and Extension…Publication Date 1969
- grazing
- cover
- creek
- riparian
- species composition
- watershed
- Library Collection RecordIn this study, Valone measured the effects of fire and grazing, alone and in combination, in an arid Arizona plant community. The combination of grazing and burning enhanced annual plant species…Publication Date 1969
- disturbance frequency
- disturbance intensity
- free-range grazing
- prescribed fire
- species composition
- species richness
- synergistic effects
- Library Collection RecordAuthors used a multiscale approach by studying the effects of soil type/fertilizer, burning, or mowing on species composition within both large- (10,000 m2) and small-scale (100 m2) experimental…Publication Date 1969
- burning
- classification
- mowing
- soil
- grassland
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordYeo et al. examined cattle grazing behavior and vegetation measurements to determine the effects of implementing a rest-rotation grazing system on federally owned grazing allotments in Idaho. Cattle…Publication Date 1969
- grazing management
- grazing allotments
- plant community composition
- range condition
- species composition
- wildlife forage
- Library Collection RecordTwenty-five ungulate exclosures were established in Olympic National Park and Olympic National Forest in the 1930's and 1950's. Information from earlier studies and resampled vegetation (…Publication Date 1969
- Cervus elaphus
- Odocoileus hemionus
- black-tailed deer
- elk
- exclosures
- native ungulates
- Olympic National Park
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordIn this study, authors used exclosures to determine the effects of continuous grazing at light, moderate, heavy and severe stocking rates, in Alberta rough fescue grasslands for 32 years. In…Publication Date 1969
- danthonia parryi
- Exclosure
- Festuca scabrella
- parry oat grass
- recovery
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordAuthors examined vegetation, surface seed and soil seed bank composition in rough fescue grasslands under grazing intensities, varying from no grazing to heavy grazing. Seeds in the soil were least…Publication Date 1969
- native species
- grazing intensity
- introduced species
- season
- seed bank
- soil depth
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordOver 4 years, Willms et al. compared vegetation in overgrazed and undergrazed patches, in rough fescue grasslands. Overgrazed patches were dominated by grazing-resistant seral species, while…Publication Date 1969
- organic matter
- grazing pressure
- Herbage Yield
- patches
- spatial stability
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordThis is a summary of 171 papers on livestock grazing in the West.Publication Date 1969
- biodiversity
- alteration of ecosystem structure
- ecosystem functioning
- livestock grazing
- riparian habitats
- species composition
- Western United States
- Library Collection RecordFrom the time they initially colonize new areas, prairie dogs disturb grasslands by burrowing and grazing, thereby creating large patches of altered vegetation in the landscape. In this South Dakota…Publication Date 1969
- above-ground net primary production
- black-tailed prairie dogs
- Cynomys ludovicianus
- disturbance
- mixed-grass prairie
- N concentration
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordWeitkamp et al. measured the effects of short-duration cattle grazing on plant community diversity and soil structure in the Texas rolling plains. Short-duration grazing altered the species…Publication Date 1969
- plant density
- soil strength
- rotational grazing
- grazing system
- plant diversity
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordWatts et al. summarize the vegetation composition of pastures managed under rest-rotation and continuous grazing systems for 10 years, following fire in the Missouri River Breaks. Rest-rotation…Publication Date 1969
- canopy cover
- bare ground
- exclosures
- litter
- species composition
- vegetation cover
- Xanthium strumarium
- Library Collection RecordVujnovic et al. determined how different levels of disturbances, including grazing, affect the plant species composition and diversity in Alberta's Aspen Parkland. Species diversity was…Publication Date 1969
- invasive species
- disturbance frequency
- disturbance severity
- exotic species
- Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
- plant community composition
- species composition
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of grazing on seed bank composition were measured on nine farms in the northeastern United States. Seedbanks in grazed pastures had lower seed species diversity, a lower percentage of…Publication Date 1969
- dairy farms
- aboveground vegetation
- management-intensive grazing
- seed bank
- species composition
- temperate grasslands
- viable seed