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"A renewed interest in pinyon-juniper woodlands has accelerated debate regarding management of this unique ecosystem. Should these woodlands be managed only to provide livestock forage through overstory removal-popular programs in the 1950s and 1960s - or should they be managed for production of multiple resource products and amenities? Pinyon-juniper woodlands have varying capabilities of producing fuelwood, wildlife habitat, forage for livestock, watershed protection, and other products such as pinyon nuts (Figure 1). In addition to these more traditional resources, we must now consider increasing recreational demands, increased human development, impacts of management for threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant and animal species, and protection of archeological sites. Three recent conferences dedicated to these woodlands, and sponsored by state and federal agencies and several professional organizations, accentuated their emerging importance (Everett 1987, New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands and New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station 1991, and Aldon and Shaw 1993). A national workshop on pinyon-juniper management strategies was sponsored by the Rangeland Technology and Equipment Council in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1993. Regional workshops were conducted in Prescott, Arizona, in 1988 and in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1989."