Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Angle of Points

With most techniques involving point sampling to estimate cover, points are placed vertically to the ground. However, some studies indicate that points inclined at about a 45° angle provide more accurate data for the cover of narrow-leaved species, particularly grasses.

References and Further Reading

Bonham, C.D. Measurements of terrestrial vegetation. John Wiley Sons, New York, NY. p 111-115.

Greig-Smith, P. 1983. Quantitative plant ecology. Academic Press, New York, NY. pp 41-45.

Warren-Wilson, J. 1963. Estimation of foliage denseness and foliage angle by inclined point quadrats. Australian Journal of Botany 11:95-105.

Winkworth, R.E. 1955. The use of point quadrats for the analysis of heath land. Australian Journal of Botany 3:68-81.