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CROSSING-OVER: MERGING GRAZING MANAGEMENT AND CARNIVORE BEHAVIOR AS PRACTICAL TOOLS FOR REDUCING LIVESTOCK CONFLICTS
Author
Kaminski, Timmothy
Englehart, Joe
Ralston, Brad
DeLint, Brian
Publisher
Society for Range Management
Publication Year
2015
Body

American interest in the expanse of grizzly bears and wolves on public land belies the economic and practical difficulties faced by ranchers and stockmen who must earn a living from it. Government reliance on outdated policy, perverse incentives and over-matched staffing impede the willingness found in working ranching communities to extend stewardship practices beyond that of grass and water. Absent a 21st century transformation in agency participation and land management practice, a new era of land stewardship benefitting people, sustainable agriculture and carnivore conservation cannot emerge. We introduce a ranch community led-endeavor unifying science with local knowledge. We appraise cross-over between ranchers' expertise about livestock and grazing management with biologists experience about carnivore biology and behavior as a cooperative mechanism useful toward commonly understood needs for improving range and livestock production while reducing large carnivore conflicts. Drawing on a decade of experience and carnivore-livestock data, we show that: 1) cross-over between ranchers' expertise with biologists' experience can inform human vigilance in managing livestock age and dispersion to limit livestock harassment and learning by large carnivores; 2) prey behavior and movement, mechanisms that evolved to stimulate carnivore pursuit and capture of prey, are predation risk influences exacerbated by outmoded grazing practices; 3) grazing management used as a proactive conflict reduction tool, when matched with spatial stability and social cohesion in wolf and grizzly bear family groups to reduce livestock losses, is advantageous to sustaining livestock grazing over behaviorally disruptive culling of individuals and cyclic large carnivore turnover; and 4) effectiveness of practical tools to reduce livestock vulnerability improve when properly scaled to seasonal carnivore home ranges. This work shows that land stewardship inclusive of a reverence for life can inspire an ethos that unites rather than divide rural and urban residents' willingness to embrace working ranch and large carnivore conservation. Foremost is earning and keeping trust. In our experience, crossing-over is the first step. 

Language
English
Resource Type
Text
Document Type
Conference Proceedings
Conference Name
SRM Sacramento, CA
Collection
SRM Annual Meeting Abstracts