Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Community mean traits as additional indicators to monitor effects of land-use intensity on grassland plant diversity
Author
Pfestorf, H
WeiAŸ, L
MAzller, J
Boch, S
Socher, S A
Prati, D
SchAsning, I
Weisser, W
Fischer, M
Jeltsch, F
Publisher
Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
Publication Year
2013
Body

Semi-natural grasslands, biodiversity hotspots in Central-Europe, suffer from the cessation of traditional land-use. Amount and intensity of these changes challenge current monitoring frameworks typically based on classic indicators such as selected target species or diversity indices. Indicators based on plant functional traits provide an interesting extension since they reflect ecological strategies at individual and ecological processes at community levels. They typically show convergent responses to gradients of land-use intensity over scales and regions, are more directly related to environmental drivers than diversity components themselves and enable detecting directional changes in whole community dynamics. However, probably due to their labor- and cost intensive assessment in the field, they have been rarely applied as indicators so far. Here we suggest overcoming these limitations by calculating indicators with plant traits derived from online accessible databases. Aiming to provide a minimal trait set to monitor effects of land-use intensification on plant diversity we investigated relationships between 12 community mean traits, 2 diversity indices and 6 predictors of land-use intensity within grassland communities of 3 different regions in Germany (part of the German "Biodiversity Exploratory" research network). By standardization of traits and diversity measures, use of null models and linear mixed models we confirmed (i) strong links between functional community composition and plant diversity, (ii) that traits are closely related to land-use intensity, and (iii) that functional indicators are equally, or even more sensitive to land-use intensity than traditional diversity indices. The deduced trait set consisted of 5 traits, i.e., specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), seed release height, leaf distribution, and onset of flowering. These database derived traits enable the early detection of changes in community structure indicative for future diversity loss. As an addition to current monitoring measures they allow to better link environmental drivers to processes controlling community dynamics.

Language
English
Resource Type
Text
Document Type
Journal Issue/Article
Journal Volume
15
Journal Number
1
Journal Pages
pp. 1-11
Journal Name
Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
Keywords
Biodiversity exploratories
Biological conservation
(Semi-natural) Grasslands
plant functional traits
indicators
land-use intensity
conservation ecology
biodiversity
land use
monitoring
Europe