Pollen analyses of rare spring deposits in the Transvaal, South Africa, ranging back to roughly 35 000 B.P., were carried out. A photographic record of 140 types of palynomorphs was made. Indicators such as various arboreal pollen types of the bushveld savanna and also non-arboreal types are briefly discussed in terms of the modern distribution of their parent plants and their importance in surface and sediment samples. Some of especially the NAP were more abundant during the coldest phase of the Late Pleistocene when trees were reduced. Pollen types of the local vegetation associated with the aquatic habitat and the damp surroundings of the spring sites are also listed. The information compiled on the different pollen and spore types helps to assess their value in palaeoecological interpretations.
Journal articles from the Grassland Society of Southern Africa (GSSA) African Journal of Range and Forage Science as well as related articles and reports from throughout the southern African region.