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The role of the goat in the development and utilization of the optimum production potential of the bushveld regions of the Eastern Cape is discussed. It is important to distinguish between two types of bushveld: (1) Valley Bushveld and (2) dry thornveld. In the Valley Bush he emphasis lies primarily on preservation but at the same time achieving effective utilization of the valuable shrub component of the vegetation. These objectives are achieved by employing goat farming as the primary enterprise. In the dry thornveld the main objectives are the effective utilization of the grass component and the control of encroaching Acacia karroo. The full production potential of the thornveld areas can be achieved with cattle farming as the primary enterprise and with goats playing a secondary role.