The most important environmental limitations to grassland production are set by the moisture regime, the physiography, soil conditions, temperature, vegetation present, entomological and microbiological factors of the environment. The significant features of these factors are discussed. Modifications which can be applied to overcome these limitations and the resultant degree of grassland intensification (veld, reinforced veld and planted pastures) which can be achieved are suggested and illustrated by means of diagrams. The result of the modifications is determined by the factor which places the greatest limitation on herbage production. Improved grassland productivity resulting from modification of the environment can be spectacular and is illustrated by specific examples.
Journal articles from the Grassland Society of Southern Africa (GSSA) African Journal of Range and Forage Science as well as related articles and reports from throughout the southern African region.