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Burning and grazing of highland grasses were examined in Döhne Sourveld to determine the effects on shoot and root masses. Root:shoot ratios of 1:4 and 1:3 were obtained for quadrennial and biennial burns respectively after two years of growth. The ratio in summer grazed plots and undisturbed controls was 1:1,25. This high ratio was considered a sign of stress and seen as a geophytic response by the grasses. Root concentrations of N, P and K were 50% less in summer grazed plots than in quadrennial burns. Reduction in soil N, rather than excessive defoliation itself, was thought to be a reason for elimination of Themeda triandra Forsk. Control of N levels was suggested as a possible mechanism for management of the grassland. Some small differences in concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn recorded between treatments were not considered important.