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In the past, veld condition in the Karoo was assessed using the ecological index method. This recently changed to the grazing?index method on account of the differently estimated grazing?index values being used. The principles governing the method of survey remain the same. The method employs canopy?spread?cover strikes to record the species composition of different sites. By appropriate management of these line?point data, different sites can be compared with one another by employing the Z?index of agreement (similarity).