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Extensive agricultural modification of the North Western Slopes and Plains of NSW has resulted in conditions suitable for the establishment of dense regrowth, especially on private lands. Recent research has shown that dense regrowth of Eucalypts and other species such as White Cypress Pine (Callitris glaucophylla) are perceived by the community to be invasive and to impede normal farming activities. It is widely believed that such regrowth suppresses groundcover, depletes soil nutrient and water reserves and causes soil erosion. New legislation in NSW has included provisions for managing many regrowth tree species as 'invasive native scrub'.

We present new data which suggest that, contrary to the perceived problems with dense regrowth, individual trees of a variety of species contribute positively to the landscape. Increased soil nutrient status and groundcover were associated with individual trees and appropriately managed regrowth. Other benefits thought to be gained from tree retention include shading for stock, increased pasture plant diversity and increased soil stability. We suggest that the effects of trees on the landscape can be managed to maximise derived benefits. Future management of regrowth across NSW should therefore consider the benefits of retained trees as a component of the production landscape.