This article takes studies done in England and attempts to apply them to hardwood regeneration in the northeastern United States. Since regeneration of hardwood stands can be difficult in many areas of the northeastern United States because of deer browsing, the placement of protective shelters around individual seedlings is one means of preventing this damage. The shelters need to be 5 feet tall to protect against larger white-tailed deer in the U.S. The shelters are made of square plastic tubes and are held in place by two wire loops that attach it to a treated wooden stake driven into the ground. Because of some different economic situations, some of the shelter uses are impractical in the U.S. at present, but they believe that tree shelters may have important applications in understory plantings beneath shelterwood overstories.
Citations and enhanced abstracts for journals articles and documents focused on rangeland ecology and management. RSIS is a collaboration between Montana State University, University of Idaho, and University of Wyoming.