This study looks at the number of defecations by cattle that occur directly in the stream during riparian livestock use during daylight hours. The cattle were observed in August and November. In August, the results showed that an average of 0.41 defecations per day per cow had direct contact with the stream, while in November an average of only 0.19 defecations per cow had direct stream contact. This was because the cattle spent more time near the stream in August than in November; likely the result of the warmer temperatures. Some of these directly deposited bacteria precipitate to the bottom and are available for re-suspension if the sediments are later disturbed.
Citations and enhanced abstracts for journals articles and documents focused on rangeland ecology and management. RSIS is a collaboration between Montana State University, University of Idaho, and University of Wyoming.