Three grazing systems (continuous, rotationally-deferred, timed rotation) were tested under three stocking rates to determine the system and stocking rate combination that optimizes range condition and producer income in the mixed-grass prairie. Grazing system alone did not greatly affect any of the measured variables while altering the stocking rate affected species composition under all grazing systems. Heavy stocking rates tended to increase standing crop of perennial cool-season graminoids and basal cover of bare ground, forbs and lichens while decreasing litter cover and standing crop of western wheatgrass. The authors recommended using moderate stocking rates in the mixed-grass prairie because although high stocking rates may produce greater income for livestock producers, they can also reduce range condition by altering species composition, even when a grazing system is being used.
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