Lucas et al. studied the effects of none, light, and moderate cattle grazing during cool, warm, and dormant seasons on narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia) populations and herbaceous vegetation. Grazing treatments had no effect on cottonwood density, though grazing pressure on saplings was notably higher in moderately grazed plots, especially during the dormant season. Grazing intensity had no effect on species richness and density, however these variables were significantly greater in the cool season grazing treatments. Each riparian ecosystem is different, and therefore, experiment results will change as well.
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