How Carex leaf production and longevity are affected by grazing was measured in freshwater marshes along La Pérouse Bay in Manitoba, Canada (58° 04' N, 94° 03 'W). Carex x flavicans shoots and leaves were monitored in paired plots which were either ungrazed or open to grazing. Ungrazed plots were covered with wire mesh during the growing season of 1985, while grazed plots were open to geese and then excluded for a week at which time marked leaves were measured for growth of new leaves as well as whether the leaf was green, yellow, or dead. This process occurred eight times during the summer of 1985 and once following snowmelt in June 1986.
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