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This paper examines how policy and legal frameworks in Morocco and Lebanon are evolving to promote sustainable silvopastoralism in dryland forests. In Morocco, a participatory approach led to the development of a national silvopastoral strategy in 2016, building on earlier initiatives that offered financial incentives to communities for protecting reforestation sites. This approach has resulted in improved forest restoration, better livestock management, and socioeconomic benefits for local communities. Lebanon, facing challenges posed by its outdated Forestry Code, initiated a comprehensive review process in 2015 with support from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Alongside the development of a national agricultural strategy and rangeland management guidelines, this process aims to modernize forest and rangeland governance, promote community engagement, and ensure the sustainable use of natural resources. Both case studies highlight the importance of adaptive policy frameworks, stakeholder collaboration, and community engagement in achieving sustainable forest and rangeland management in dryland ecosystems.