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Despite the global importance of mobile pastoralism to rangelands management, the mobility and tenure rights of pastoralists remain under-recognized and undervalued in policy and practice. This paper proposes a comprehensive methodology to assess the security of pastoralists' mobility and tenure rights, using a framework grounded in community-based tenure regimes (CBTRs). The framework considers mobility, access, use, management, participation, and exclusion rights, and proposes indicative indicators —both positive and negative — to evaluate the extent to which laws, policies, and customary practices uphold or undermine these rights. The framework also assesses the specific rights of women across three domains: mobility and land access, livelihoods and resource use, and governance participation. By integrating legal analysis and community-level insights, this paper provides a pathway for nuanced, comparative assessments of pastoralist systems, fostering equitable and sustainable policy interventions.