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This study examines the impact of environmental shocks on livestock supply chains and consumption patterns in West Africa, focusing on three coastal capitals —Dakar (Senegal), Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire), and Abuja (Nigeria). Using surveys of 4,000 households and 45 focus group discussions, we analyze how socio-demographic factors, such as income and household size, influence meat demand and the price and income elasticity of various types of meat. The findings show that beef and lamb have high price sensitivity, especially among low-income households, while fish is the most consumed protein across all income groups. Environmental shocks, including climate change and land degradation, disrupt supply chains, leading to higher meat prices and altered consumption patterns. The study highlights the importance of sustainable rangeland management practices, such as rotational grazing and agroforestry, to enhance the resilience of livestock systems and ensure food security in the face of these challenges.