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Restoring the Banni grasslands: a model for combating invasive species, supporting natural ecosystem and empowering pastoral communities
Author
Thacker, KD
Nanjar, B
Singh M
Rajput KS
Publisher
XII International Rangeland Congress
Publication Year
2025
Body

The Banni grassland is Asia's largest grassland ecosystem, harbors unique flora and fauna, and supports over 8000 pastoral households. The pastoralists herd an indigenous buffalo breed "Banni" and have been practicing a semi-nomadic style of pastoralism fo r more than 500 years. This unique protected grassland is dotted with seasonal wetlands, saline-mix highly nutritive grass species, and some good patches of Acacia nilotica trees in some villages. In recent decades, encroachment particularly by the invasive species Prosopis juliflora, threatens this biodiversity hotspot by invading 50% of land. Woody shrub encroachments, converting the grasslands into woodland, is a trend witnessed globally, and harms unique biodiversity and traditional livelihoods of indigenous communities. Community Forest Management Committees (CFMCs) under the Forest Right Act 2006 have taken a multi-pronged approach to restore Banni grasslands. Through brush management techniques, they have restored over 3000 hectares across 18 villages in the last four years. The post monsoon grassland surveys were conducted by Sahjeevan's team using the random quadrat sampling method and data was analyzed to assess changes in the vegetation cover affected by invasive species. These efforts have shown remarkable recovery in vegetation cover of herbs and grasses up to 91%, species diversity up to 12 times, and biomass production up to 3.4 times in restored plots compared to invaded areas. Additionally, removal of this exotic invasive species in Nani Dadhd har village has not only supported growth of the native tree A.nilotica but also amplified the population of itfourfold in the past four years. In Dedhiya village, biochar, made in Kon-Tiki kilns from P.juliflora and incorporated in the soil increased yield of grasses and herbs by 1.87 times compared withuntreated plots. Biochar not only helps boost soil health but also acts as a long-term (perhaps 2000-years) carbon sink and generates carbon credits. This restoration model exemplifies the power of community-driven conservation. It tackles invasive species, mitigates climate change and empowers pastoral communities, offering a blueprint for similar ecosystems worldwide.

Language
English
Resource Type
Text
Document Type
Conference Proceedings
Additional Information
This paper is part of the larger XII International Rangelands Congress Proceedings. Page Numbers: 822-827. Theme: Theme 4 / Controlling the invaders
ISSN
978-0-646-72121-7
Conference Name
International Rangeland Congress
Collection
International Rangelands Congress
Keywords
Restoration
India
Invasion
Prosopis juliflora