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Juniper woodland infilling and expansion, considered threats by rangeland managers, is driven by seed dispersal. We studied the roles of birds, lagomorphs, and rodents in Juniperus osteosperma recruitment in the Great Basin of western Utah, USA. Recruits were disproportionately in shrub microhabitats. Birds disperse no seeds, lagomorphs almost exclusively disperse seeds to open interspaces, and only rodents disproportionately cache in shrub microhabitats. Results suggest the primary driver of recruitment is seed-caching rodents.