Rangeland Ecology & Management

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High-Temporal Resolution Photography for Observing Riparian Area Use and Grazing Behavior
Author
Nichols, M.H.
Ruyle, G.B.
Dille, P.
Publisher
Society for Range Management
Publication Year
2017
Body

Observation is a simple method of acquiring information and is a critical step in the scientific method for both developing and investigating testable hypotheses. Cameras have long played a role in observation, and as technology advances, new tools and methods for collecting, interrogating, and displaying large quantities of high-resolution images have evolved. We describe an automated digital time-lapse camera system and present an example field deployment to observe the temporal and spatial patterns of riparian use by humans and animals during a 3-mo period. We also describe software tools for image interrogation and visualization, as well as new information gathered through their use. The system was tested in 2014, in a 2.4-ha site within the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest in east central Arizona, United States where elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and cattle grazed. Photographs were taken every 30 sec for 38 d, afterwhich an electric fencewas installed to restrict cattle access and the time step was increased to every 3 min. We observed that elk exhibited the unique behavior of standing in and traveling within the streamchannelwhile grazing and tended to graze and lie in close proximity to the channel. Cattle drank from, but typically did not enter, the stream channel and tended to lie away fromthe channel. Recreational use by people had the distinct impact of dispersing elk fromthe riparian corridor. Zoomable time-lapse videos allowed us to observe that in contrast to the cattle, elk grazedwhile lying down. High-temporal resolution photography is a practical tool for observing phenomena that are important for local resource management. © Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Society for Range Management. The Rangeland Ecology & Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact lbry-journals@email.arizona.edu for further information.

Language
en
Resource Type
Text
Document Type
Journal Issue/Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.1016/j.rama.2017.01.001
Additional Information
Nichols, M. H., Ruyle, G. B., & Dille, P. (2017). High-Temporal Resolution Photography for Observing Riparian Area Use and Grazing Behavior. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 70(4), 418–421.
IISN
1550-7424
OAI Identifier
oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/667457
Journal Volume
70
Journal Number
4
Journal Pages
418-421
Journal Name
Rangeland Ecology & Management
Keywords
Arizona
cattle
elk
grazing
riparian
time-lapse photography