Rangeland Ecology & Management
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Displaying 15401 - 15450 of 15501 results
- Library Collection RecordDue to the high altitude of over 4000 m, scattered inhabitation, and prevalent pastoral system, Tibet (Xizang Autonomous Region) is regarded as a unique geographic zone, possessing the most abundant…Publication Date 2012
- solar energy
- carbon effect
- vegetation effect
- nitrogen effect
- reduction of carbon emissions
- reduction of deforestation
- reduction of nitrogen loss
- Tibet
- China
- Library Collection RecordThis article deals with the development of irrigated agriculture in the Upper Indus Basin of Central Ladakh in Northern India. Artificial irrigation, fed by meltwater from glaciers and snow cover,…Publication Date 2012
- Irrigation systems
- land use change
- socio-hydrology
- high mountains
- Ladakh
- Trans-Himalaya
- India
- India
- Library Collection RecordInvestigating how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-plant interactions vary with edaphic conditions provides an opportunity to test the context-dependency of interspecific interactions. The…Publication Date 2012
- Library Collection RecordTo gain insight into the ecological processes driving community reassembly in disturbed ecosystems, we assessed the phylogenetic dispersion of early- and late-successional tree species occurring in…Publication Date 2012
- community assembly
- Costa Rica
- life-history stages of plants
- mortality
- phylogenetic structure
- recruitment
- succession
- vegetation dynamics
- Costa Rica
- Library Collection RecordSoil heterotrophic respiration and nutrient mineralization are strongly affected by environmental conditions, in particular by moisture fluctuations triggered by rainfall events. When soil moisture…Publication Date 2012
- bacteria
- fungi
- heterotrophic respiration–soil moisture relations
- soil respiration
- solute diffusion
- water potential
- water stress
- Library Collection RecordThe world's grassland ecosystems are shaped in part by a key functional group of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals. Through herbivory and ecosystem engineering they create distinctive and…Publication Date 2012
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of declining plant biodiversity on ecosystem processes are well studied, with most investigations examining the role of species richness declines rather than declines of species abundance…Publication Date 2012
- Library Collection RecordThere is much concern that the functioning of ecosystems will be affected by human-induced changes in biodiversity, of which land-use change is the most important driver. However, changes in…Publication Date 2012
- biodiversity
- carbon sequestration
- ecosystem services
- functional diversity
- grasslands
- grazing intensity
- litter decomposition
- long-term experiment
- primary production
- resource availability
- structural equation modeling
- Mackenzie Basin
- South Island
- New Zealand
- Library Collection RecordEcosystem stability in variable environments depends on the diversity of form and function of the constituent species. Species phenotypes and ecologies are the product of evolution, and the…Publication Date 2012
- biodiversity–ecosystem function
- Cedar Creek
- ecophylogenetics
- ecosystem reliability
- niche partitioning
- phylogenetic complementarity
- Minnesota
- USA
- Library Collection RecordPhylogenetic diversity-area curves are analogous to species-area curves and quantify the relationship between the phylogenetic diversity of species assemblages and the area over which assemblages are…Publication Date 2012
- Anolis
- elevation
- environmental gradient
- island biogeography
- phylogenetic community structure
- phylogeny
- Random Placement
- Spatial scale
- species area relationship
- species richness
- species sorting
- Mt. Hood
- Oregon
- USA
- Library Collection RecordThe CO2 concentration in Earth's atmosphere may double during this century. Plant responses to such an increase depend strongly on their nitrogen status, but the reasons have been uncertain.…Publication Date 2012
- ecology
- C3
- C4
- climate change
- CO2 acclimation
- Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)
- nitrogen
- plant distributions
- grasslands
- carbon dioxide
- climate change
- Library Collection RecordPatterns in biodiversity and species coexistence are the result of multiple interacting processes including evolutionary history, trait variation, species interactions, dispersal, environmental…Publication Date 2012
- community phylogenetics
- comparative biology
- Gradient analysis
- metacommunity
- multi-scale analyses
- Multivariate analyses
- spatial analysis
- stochastic simulation
- trait-based community assembly
- Library Collection RecordFire is a major force driving the evolution of plants and the structure and function of ecosystems globally. It thus likely operates as an important environmental filter that selects for species that…Publication Date 2012
- Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
- climatic perturbation
- community-weighted means
- depth of turnover
- fire frequency
- functional traits
- oak savanna
- Phylogenetic niche conservatism
- phylogeny
- Minnesota
- USA
- Library Collection RecordThe effects of exotic species invasions on biodiversity vary with spatial scale, and documentation of local-scale changes in biodiversity following invasion is generally lacking. Coupling long-term…Publication Date 2012
- grasslands
- community assembly
- competition
- exotic species
- invasion
- livestock grazing
- propagule limitation
- recruitment limitation
- Alien invasive species
- biodiversity
- community ecology
- vegetation dynamics
- monitoring
- California
- USA
- Library Collection RecordThe demand for knowledge about the tree of life is steadily rising in ecology and other fields, but bioinformatic resources designed to meet these needs remain poorly developed. Ecologists pursuing…Publication Date 2012
- community phylogenetics
- Phylografter
- Phylomatic
- supermatrix
- supertree
- Library Collection RecordThe intentional introduction of specialist insect herbivores for biological control of exotic weeds provides ideal but understudied systems for evaluating important ecological concepts related to top…Publication Date 2012
- biological control
- Centaurea maculosa
- Centaurea stoebe
- compensation
- context dependence
- Cyphocleonus achates
- exotic plant
- herbivory
- indirect effects
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
- spotted knapweed
- top-down control
- Missoula
- Montana
- USA
- Library Collection RecordDemographic transition matrices are among the most commonly applied population models for both basic and applied ecological research. The relatively simple framework of these models and simple,…Publication Date 2012
- conservation
- Demographic matrix models
- ecological forecasting
- Extinction Risk
- matrix population models
- Plant population dynamics
- population growth rate
- Library Collection RecordVegetation at the aquatic-terrestrial interface can alter landscape features through its growth and interactions with sediment and fluids. Even similar species may impart different effects due to…Publication Date 2012
- Ammophila arenaria
- Ammophila breviligulata
- ecomorphology
- ecosystem engineer
- Ecosystem service
- Elymus mollis
- foredune
- Geomorphology
- invasive species
- sediment deposition
- sediment transport
- wind tunnel
- Oregon
- USA
- Library Collection RecordThe relationship between plant nutrient content and insect herbivore populations and community structure has long interested ecologists. Insect herbivores require multiple nutrients, but ecologists…Publication Date 2012
- Library Collection RecordEffects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to store carbon (C) depend in part on the amount of N retained in the system and its partitioning among…Publication Date 2012
- atmospheric nitrogen deposition
- carbon storage
- data synthesis
- meta-analysis
- nitrogen retention and loss
- stable isotopes
- Library Collection RecordWoody encroachment is a widespread and acute phenomenon affecting grasslands and savannas worldwide. We performed a meta-analysis of 29 studies from 13 different grassland/savanna communities in…Publication Date 2012
- biodiversity
- Bush encroachment
- ecosystem structure
- global change
- primary productivity
- productivity–richness relationship
- shrub encroachment
- species richness
- tree encroachment
- tree–grass coexistence
- woody release
- North America
- Library Collection RecordThe argument that the threat posed by introduced species is overblown is often buttressed by the observation that native species sometimes also become invasive. An examination of the literature on…Publication Date 2012
- disturbance
- fire suppression
- introduced species
- invasion
- native invader
- nonnative
- succession
- USA
- Library Collection RecordSpecies interactions affect plant diversity through the net effects of competition and facilitation, with the latter more prevalent in physically stressful environments when plant cover ameliorates…Publication Date 2012
- community assembly
- competition
- diversity
- dominance
- facilitation
- invasion
- prairies
- stress gradient hypothesis
- Library Collection RecordIn the face of unprecedented loss of biodiversity, cross-taxon correlates have been proposed as a means of obtaining quantitative estimates of biodiversity for identifying habitats of important…Publication Date 2012
- Library Collection RecordUncertainty about the effects of warming and grazing on soil nitrogen (N) availability, species composition, and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) limits our ability to predict how global…Publication Date 2012
- alpine meadow
- global warming
- herbivore
- N addition
- Plant functional group
- primary production
- species diversity
- Tibetan Plateau
- Tibet
- China
- Library Collection RecordRecent biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments in temperate grasslands have shown that productivity positively correlates with plant species richness. Resource partitioning (in particular,…Publication Date 2012
- 15N
- biodiversity–ecosystem functioning
- niche
- nitrogen
- proportional
- similarity
- resource partitioning
- rooting depth
- species richness
- temperate grassland
- Zurich
- Switzerland
- Library Collection RecordPulses of metabolic activity are a common ecological response to intermittently available resources, and in soils these pulses often occur in response to wetting. To better understand variation in…Publication Date 2012
- Carbon cycle
- elevation gradient
- precipitation
- respiration
- California
- USA
- Library Collection RecordTheory and observation indicate that changes in the rate of primary production can alter the balance between the bottom-up influences of plants and resources and the top-down regulation of herbivores…Publication Date 2012
- Arctic LTER
- Toolik Lake
- Alaska
- USA
- arctic tundra ecosystem
- biomass
- Caribou
- EEH
- exploitation ecosystem hypothesis
- food web
- herbivory
- nematode
- nutrients
- predators
- productivity
- vole
- Toolik Lake
- Alaska
- USA
- Library Collection RecordThe Mantel correlogram is an elegant way to compute a correlogram for multivariate data. However, recent papers raised concerns about the power of the Mantel test itself. Hence the question: Is the…Publication Date 2012
- autocorrelation
- correlogram
- Geary
- Mantel
- Moran
- multiscale ordination
- multivariate variogram
- simulation study
- spatial correlation
- ecosystem ecology
- Library Collection RecordSynchronous and intermittent reproduction in long-lived plants, known as mast seeding, is induced by climatic cues, but the mechanism explaining variation in masting among neighboring but edaphically…Publication Date 2012
- alpine grasslands
- Bayesian
- Chionochloa spp.
- Environmental change
- mast flowering
- Murchison Mountains
- snow tussock grass
- soil fertility
- New Zealand
- Library Collection RecordUnderpinning the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is the assessment of extinction risk as determined by the size and degree of loss of populations. The IUCN system lists…Publication Date 2012
- area of occupancy
- extent of occurrence
- extinction
- IUCN
- Red List
- species distribution
- threatened categories
- Library Collection RecordLocal species diversity is maintained over ecological time by a balance between dispersal and species interactions. Local-egional species richness relationships are often used to investigate the…Publication Date 2012
- habitat fragmentation
- landscape corridor
- regional enrichment
- species diversity
- South Carolina
- USA
- Library Collection RecordThere have been intense debates about the decomposition of regional diversity (gamma) into its within-community component (alpha) and between-community component (beta). Although a recent Ecology …Publication Date 2012
- additive partitioning
- Â alpha diversity
- Â beta diversity
- Â differentiation
- Â gamma diversity
- Â Hill numbers
- Â multiplicative partitioning
- Â similarit
- Library Collection RecordThe need to model and test hypotheses about complex ecological systems has led to a steady increase in use of path analytical techniques, which allow the modeling of multiple multivariate…Publication Date 2012
- BUGS
- causal models
- d-separation
- indirect effects
- mechanistic models
- mediation
- SEM
- structural equation models
- trait-mediated indirect effects
- Library Collection RecordEarlier spring phenology observed in many plant species in recent decades provides compelling evidence that species are already responding to the rising global temperatures associated with…Publication Date 2012
- climate change
- conservation
- meta-analysis
- phenology
- synthesis
- temperature sensitivity
- tracking climate
- warming experiment
- Library Collection RecordBioclimatic envelope models use associations between aspects of climate and species' occurrences to estimate the conditions that are suitable to maintain viable populations. Once bioclimatic…Publication Date 2012
- biodiversity
- biogeography
- climate change
- climate envelopes
- conservation planning
- ecological niches
- Invasions
- niche conservation
- restoration ecology
- species distributions
- translocation experiments
- uncertainty in prediction
- modelling
- decision support systems
- Library Collection RecordThe existence of deterministic assembly rules for plant communities remains an important and unresolved topic in ecology. Most studies examining community assembly have sampled aboveground species…Publication Date 2012
- belowground community assembly
- guild proportionality
- pairwise species interactions
- pyrosequencing
- root identification
- species coexistence.
- Estonia
- Library Collection RecordRestorations commonly utilize seed addition to formerly arable lands where the development of native plant communities is severely dispersal limited. However, variation in seed addition practices may…Publication Date 2012
- climate change
- diversity
- drought
- invasive
- prairie
- priority effects
- Rainfall manipulation
- recovery
- resilience
- resistance
- restoration
- stability
- Nebraska
- USA
- Library Collection RecordThis historical data set consists of 178 permanent 1-m2 quadrats located on semi-desert grasslands at the Santa Rita Experimental Range, Arizona, USA. Individual plants in these quadrats were…Publication Date 2012
- climate
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
- livestock grazing
- plant community
- plant demography
- Sonoran Desert
- species interactions
- Santa Rita Experimental Range
- Arizona
- USA
- Library Collection RecordHealthy ecosystems include many species (high richness) with similar abundances (high evenness). Thus, both aspects of biodiversity are worthy of conservation. Simultaneously conserving richness and…Publication Date 2012
- abundance
- agriculture
- biodiversity
- conservation
- ecosystem management
- evenness
- fire
- metadata
- organic farming
- species richness
- Library Collection Recordhe fourth-corner problem entails estimation and statistical testing of the relationship between species traits and environmental variables from the analysis of three data tables. In a 2008 paper, S.…Publication Date 2012
- ecological community
- fourth-corner statistic
- functional ecology
- permutational model
- RLQ analysis
- sequential test
- species traits
- ecology
- statistical analysis
- ecosystem analysis
- Library Collection RecordHuman-induced increases in nitrogen (N) deposition are common across many terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Greater N availability not only reduces biological diversity, but also affects the…Publication Date 2012
- biodiversity
- C3 grasses
- C4 grasses
- ecosystem functioning
- ecosystem services
- fire
- nitrogen deposition
- root mass
- soil carbon sequestration
- Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
- Minnesota
- USA
- Library Collection RecordUnderstanding how plant communities are organized requires uncovering the mechanism(s) regulating plant species coexistence and relative abundance. Negative soil feedbacks may affect plant…Publication Date 2012
- Coexistence
- community composition
- dominance
- mixed-grass prairie
- rarity
- relative abundance
- soil feedback
- Great Plains
- USA
- Canada
- Library Collection RecordThe encroachment of woody plants into grasslands, and the conversion of savannas and open woodlands into shrublands, has been widely reported during the past decade. Encroachment has generated…Publication Date 2012
- degradation
- desertification
- ecosystem processes
- encroachment
- invasion
- shrub
- shrubland
- Thickening
- Woody
- Library Collection RecordAnnual estimates and seasonal patterns of gross nitrogen turnover in terrestrial soils are poorly understood due to the lack of experimental evidence. Based on year round sampling in wintergrazed and…Publication Date 2012
- annual nitrogen budget
- drying-rewetting
- freeze-thaw
- microbial biomass
- nitrification
- N mineralization
- steppe
- ecosystem ecology
- soils
- grazing
- plant production
- Mongolia
- China
- Library Collection RecordWith the advent of systematic high-resolution satellite photography, striking geometric shapes of banded vegetation several km2 in size, but not apparent from the ground, have been documented for…Publication Date 2012
- carbon isotopes
- climate change
- desert geomorphology
- emergence
- Little Ice Age
- Medieval Warm Period
- Object-based image analysis
- positive feedback mechanisms
- soil radiocarbon dating
- Chihuahuan Desert
- New Mexico
- USA
- Library Collection RecordIncreasing nitrogen (N) deposition and changing precipitation patterns in Neotropical savannas could alter plant growth, reproduction, and nutrients by altering soil nutrient and water availability.…Publication Date 2012
- bunchgrass
- cerrado
- Loudetiopsis chrysothrix
- nitrogen enrichment
- phosphorus
- precipitation change
- savanna
- soil fertility
- Tristachya leiostachya
- Brazil
- Library Collection RecordFuture disruptions to fire activity will threaten ecosystems and human well-being throughout the world, yet there are few fire projections at global scales and almost none from a broad range of…Publication Date 2012
- climatic constraints
- ensemble model uncertainty
- flammability
- global climate models (GCM)
- GCM agreement
- global fire probabilities
- resources to burn
- spatial statistical models
- species distribution models
- Library Collection RecordIn ecosystems throughout the world climate models project increased variability in precipitation patterns that may strongly affect the above- and below-ground processes that control carbon, water,…Publication Date 2012
- Avena barbata
- Bayesian ANOVA
- carbon
- climate change
- dry periods
- grassland
- nitrogen
- phenology
- precipitation
- Soil Type
- water
- California
- USA
- Library Collection RecordAs society seeks to meet the needs of a growing human population and rising aspirations for consumption, many of the ecosystem services on which society depends have declined in the global aggregate…Publication Date 2012
- resource management
- sense of place
- social-ecological
- sustainability
- transformation
- New Zealand