In New Mexico, Orodho et al. determined the effects of previous heavy grazing for over 50 years on soil compaction and moisture, herbage production, cover and density of natural vegetation, and abundance of the dominant grass species, Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides). Soil compaction was greater in grazed areas. Soil moisture was greatest on the hillside position where greatest herbage production for Indian ricegrass was found. Past grazing use did not affect above-ground biomass of Indian ricegrass, other grasses, or forbs, but grazing caused a decrease in litter accumulation. The greatest biomass of Indian ricegrass was found on the hillside. Long-term heavy grazing has resulted in a reduction of desirable shrub vegetation at the Chaco Canyon study area in New Mexico.
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