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Macrochloa tenacissima steppes in Tunisia are facing significant challenges due to the effects of climate change, which exacerbate the problem of desertification. Macrochloa tenacissima L. play a critical role in regulating microclimatic conditions and it is considered as a nurse species. An urgent need for sustainable land management and conservation strategies of M. tenacissima to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and desertification on arid steppes. This study examines both the impacts of climate change on these steppes and the beneficial effects of M. tenacissima tussocks on microclimate regulation. Historical trends and future climate projections in Tunisia were studied in relation with the distribution of M. tenacissima steppes. Furthermore, microclimatic stations with temperature and moisture sensors were used to explore microclimate conditions under tussocks and in bare soil. Our findings reveal that rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns are reducing t he extent of M. tenacissima habitats, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services. Concurrently, M. tenacissima tussocks create microhabitats with lower soil temperatures and higher moisture levels, enhancing water infiltration and reducing evaporation rates. These microclimatic modifications are essential for maintaining soil health and supporting biodiversity. This dual role underscores the importance of M. tenacissima in both mitigating adverse climate impacts and promoting ecosystem resilience. Effective conservation and sustainable management practices are essential to leverage these benefits, ensuring the stability and productivity of Tunisia's arid landscapes in the face of ongoing climate change.