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Seeding treatments have been utilized to holistically manage rangelands dualistically for livestock and wildlife. Research documenting long-term plant persistence following treatments is limited. This study investigates the effects of treatment type, treatment timing, and seeding microsite characteristics on plant persistence. Imprinting, aeration, and drilling were more effective seeding techniques than broadcast seeding. In high-elevation Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities, forage kochia (Kochia prostrata [L.] A.J. Scott) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertn) tended to persist in alkali soils whereas deeper soils favored the establishment of slender wheatgrass (Agropyron trachycaulus [Link] Gould ex Shinners), intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium [Host] Barkworth & D.R. Dewey), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sanfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), crested wheatgrass, forage kochia, and basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus [Scribn. & Merr.] Á. Löve). Siberian wheatgrass (Agropyron fragile [Roth] Candargy) and slender wheatgrass were most persistent in the mountain sagebrush steppe.