Effects of late fall grazing, herbicide application and seeding treatments were examined on a diffuse knapweed infested rangeland east of Grand Forks, British Columbia (49 0 5 N; 118 17 W) hot subzone of the Ponderosa Pine Bunchgrass biogeoclimatic zone). Seeding treatments included unseeded (control), Russian wildrye, ’Drylander’ alfalfa, crested wheatgrass and a rangeland mix. Picloram control was only applied to unseeded (control), crested wheatgrass and Russian wildrye seeding treatments. Livestock were grazed at 4.5 ha/AUM, and grazing occurred annually from September 1 to November 30. Cover was measured using a 6-point “Duabenmire†scale in a 15 cm x 30 cm plot frame annually in early July at a 1-m interval along a permanent 10-m transect in each plot.
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